Echocardiographic parameters comparing cardiac functional changes among FA (Sed: n=5; Ex: n=3) or PM2.5 (Sed: n=5; Ex: n=4) exposed sedentary and exercise mouse groups. A. Fractional shortening (%FS), B. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), C. Left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESd), D. Posterior wall thickness during diastole (PWTd), E. Posterior wall thickness during systole (PWTs). Five beat cycles were captured and three loops averaged per assessment. Data are expressed as ± S.E.M. *p ≤0.05 vs FA sedentary, #p<0.05 vs PM2.5 sedentary,$ $p<0.01 vs FA exercise.