Table 1.
BP at Baseline and During Follow‐Up Period Along With Corresponding Changes and Distribution of Baseline Characteristics of the ANBP2 ABPM Substudy Participants Overall and Categorized by Weighted Day‐Night SBPV Change During in‐trial Follow‐Up
| Overall (N=496) | Stable: Low BPV (n=185, 37.3%) | Stable: High BPV (n=131, 26.4%) | Decline: High to Low (n=117, 23.6%) | Increase: Low to High (n=63, 12.7%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASBP and variability | |||||
| At baseline | |||||
| Daytime SBP | 156±15 | 150±13 | 162±16* | 157±14* | 159±16* |
| Nighttime SBP | 137±16 | 132±13 | 143±19* | 137±15* | 138±15* |
| 24‐h SBP | 149±14 | 144±12 | 155±15* | 149±13* | 151±14* |
| Pulse pressure, 24 h | 66±12 | 61±10 | 71±13* | 67±11* | 65±11* |
| Weighted day‐night BPV | 11.84±2.91 | 9.36±1.44 | 14.58±2.44* | 13.66±1.54* | 10.06±1.00* |
| At follow‐up | |||||
| Daytime SBP | 142±15 | 138±13 | 147±16* | 138±14 | 147±15* |
| Nighttime SBP | 126±15 | 122±13 | 131±16* | 124±14 | 129±17* |
| 24‐h SBP | 136±14 | 132±12 | 142±14* | 134±13 | 140±15* |
| Pulse pressure, 24 h | 61±11 | 57±10 | 65±12* | 61±11* | 62±10* |
| Weighted day‐night BPV | 11.24±3.16 | 9.02±1.47 | 14.71±2.65* | 9.50±1.20* | 13.74±2.01* |
| Change in SBP and variability | |||||
| Daytime SBP | −14±15 | −13±12 | −15±17 | −18±16* | −11±13 |
| Nighttime SBP | −11±14 | −10±12 | −12±17 | −13±13 | −9±13 |
| 24‐h SBP | −13±13 | −11±11 | −13±15 | −16±13* | −11±11 |
| Pulse pressure, 24 h | −5±8 | −5±6 | −6±10 | −7±8* | −3±6 |
| Weighted day‐night BPV | −0.60±3.28 | −0.34±1.89 | 0.13±3.11 | −4.16±1.87* | 3.65±2.20* |
| Annual change in ASBPV, mean±SD (95% CI) | −0.37±1.95 (−0.54 to −0.19) | −0.21±1.08 (−0.5 to −0.37) | 0.09±1.88 (−0.24 to 0.41) | −2.42±1.28* (−2.65 to −2.18) | 2.04±1.41* (1.68–2.39) |
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Age, y, mean±SD | 71.4±4.6 | 70.5±4.4 | 73.0±4.9* | 71.3±4.6 | 71.0±4.4 |
| ≥75 y, %) | 26.4 | 20.5 | 36.6* | 26.5 | 22.2 |
| Male, % | 56.9 | 62.7 | 54.2 | 44.4* | 68.3 |
| Education, % | |||||
| Primary | 9.7 | 6.5 | 9.2 | 15.4* | 9.5 |
| Some high school | 44.0 | 48.1 | 39.7 | 41.9* | 44.4 |
| Completed high school/university | 46.4 | 45.4 | 51.2 | 42.7* | 46.0 |
| Regional location, % | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1.6 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean±SD | 27.0±3.7 | 27.0±3.2 | 26.4±3.7 | 27.1±3.9 | 27.7±4.3 |
| Obese (BMI ≥30), % | 19.8 | 15.7 | 17.6 | 27.4* | 22.2 |
| Current smoker, % | 5.0 | 2.7 | 8.4* | 1.7 | 11.1* |
| Current drinker, % | 79.2 | 74.6 | 84.0* | 74.4 | 92.1* |
| Previous antihypertensive therapy, % | 68.5 | 65.9 | 66.4 | 77.8* | 63.5 |
| Previous CVD, % | 11.7 | 9.7 | 17.6* | 10.3 | 7.9 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6.0 | 4.3 | 8.4 | 6.0 | 6.3 |
| Depression | 4.8 | 3.2 | 9.2* | 4.3 | 1.6 |
| Raised cholesterol (>6.5 mmol/L), % | 20.6 | 22.7 | 21.5 | 19.7 | 14.5 |
| Low HDL (<1 mmol/L), % | 12.5 | 14.8 | 9.3 | 9.6 | 17.7 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, mean±SD | 68.9±13.5 | 70.7±14.0 | 67.6±14.0 | 67.2±12.1* | 69.6±12.9 |
| Physical activities in previous 2 wk, % | |||||
| No exercise | 26.6 | 31.3 | 25.9* | 22.2* | 22.2 |
| 1–6 h | 28.4 | 33.0 | 19.9* | 26.5* | 36.5 |
| ≥7 h | 45.0 | 35.7 | 54.2* | 51.3* | 41.3 |
| In‐trial characteristics | |||||
| Randomized to receive ACEI, % | 49.2 | 51.9 | 48.9 | 42.7 | 54.0 |
| No. of antihypertensives | |||||
| 1 | 50.0 | 54.6 | 49.6 | 43.6* | 49.2 |
| ≥2 | 46.0 | 39.5 | 48.1 | 53.8* | 46.0 |
| No drug | 4.0 | 5.9 | 2.3 | 2.6* | 4.8 |
ABPM indicates ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ANBP2, Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study; ASBP, ambulatory systolic blood pressure; ASBPV, ambulatory systolic blood pressure variability; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BPV, blood pressure variability; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SBPV, systolic blood pressure variability.
Significant differences (P<0.05) with those observed as stable: low BPV.