Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of JHS Participants Without Hypertension
| Characteristic | Overall (n=1829) | Did Not Develop Hypertension (n=942) | Developed Hypertension (N=887) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 49.32 (11.89) | 46.73 (11.81) | 52.06 (11.36) | <0.001 |
| Men, % | 732 (40.0%) | 391 (41.5%) | 341 (38.4%) | 0.181 |
| Less than high school education, % | 218 (12.0%) | 85 (9.1%) | 133 (15.0%) | <0.001 |
| Married, % | 1085 (59.5%) | 551 (58.7%) | 534 (60.3%) | 0.488 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 118.55 (10.64) | 114.26 (9.89) | 123.11 (9.45) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 73.86 (7.31) | 72.20 (6.75) | 75.62 (7.47) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.59 (6.96) | 29.76 (6.68) | 31.47 (7.16) | <0.001 |
| Parental history of hypertension, % | 1220 (69.0%) | 615 (67.4%) | 605 (70.8%) | 0.131 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 154 (8.5%) | 40 (4.3%) | 114 (13.0%) | <0.001 |
| Reduced eGFR, % | 24 (1.3%) | 6 (0.6%) | 18 (2.1%) | 0.009 |
| Current smoking, % | 245 (13.6%) | 95 (10.2%) | 150 (17.1%) | <0.001 |
| Current alcohol use, % | ||||
| None | 841 (64.6%) | 393 (61.0%) | 448 (68.2%) | 0.024 |
| Low | 384 (29.5%) | 211 (32.8%) | 173 (26.3%) | |
| High | 76 (5.8%) | 40 (6.2%) | 36 (5.5%) | |
| Physical activity, % | ||||
| Poor | 760 (41.6%) | 348 (37.0%) | 412 (46.4%) | <0.001 |
| Intermediate | 649 (35.5%) | 342 (36.4%) | 307 (34.6%) | |
| Ideal | 418 (22.9%) | 250 (26.6%) | 168 (18.9%) | |
| Diet, % | ||||
| Poor | 1029 (62.8%) | 515 (61.8%) | 514 (63.9%) | 0.095 |
| Intermediate | 598 (36.5%) | 310 (37.2%) | 288 (35.8%) | |
| Ideal | 11 (0.7%) | 9 (1.1%) | 2 (0.2%) | |
| Baseline stress (WSI) | 36.11 (23.32) | 36.28 (23.15) | 35.93 (23.52) | 0.785 |
Data presented as mean (SD) or n (%). BMI indicates body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; JHS, Jackson Heart Study; WSI, Weekly Stress Inventory.
a
P values for comparisons were generated using independent‐samples t tests for continuous variables and chi‐squared tests for categorical variables.