Table 1.
Characteristics of the Participants at Enrollment
| Characteristics | All Participants (N=383) |
|---|---|
| Age, mean (95% CI) | 42.2 (40.6, 43.7) |
| Male sex, % (n) | 41.5 (159/383) |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 21.5 (19.0, 24.6) |
| WHO BMI categories, % (n) | |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 18.8 (72/383) |
| Normal weight (18.5 to <25) | 60.3 (231/383) |
| Overweight (≥25 to <30) | 17.5 (67/383) |
| Obese (≥30) | 3.4 (13/383) |
| Smoking categories, % (n) | |
| Never | 56.7 (217/383) |
| Former | 10.2 (39/383) |
| Current | 33.2 (127/383) |
| WHO work‐related physical activity, % (n) | |
| Sedentary | 1 (4/383) |
| Moderatea | 99 (379/383) |
| Vigorousb | 0 (0/383) |
| Urinary creatinine (mg/d), median (IQR) | |
| Male | 1420 (1050, 1744) |
| Female | 1083 (902, 1262) |
| Household wealth categories, % (n) | |
| Lowest | 23.5 (39/166) |
| Second | 21.1 (35/166) |
| Third | 20.5 (34/166) |
| Fourth | 18.1 (30/166) |
| Highest | 16.9 (28/166) |
| Added table salt with food | 66.6 (255/383) |
| Added table salt during cooking, % (n) | 100 (166/166) |
| Hours of sleep, % (n) | |
| <6 h | 14.9 (57/383) |
| ≥6 to <9 h | 88.0 (280/383) |
| ≥9 h | 12.0 (46/383) |
| Alcohol consumption, % (n) | 5.5 (21/383) |
| Religion, % (n) | |
| Hindu | 29.2 (112/383) |
| Muslim | 70.8 (271/383) |
| Self‐reported disease, % (n) | |
| Hypertension | 15.1 (58/383) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6.5 (358/383) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3.9 (15/383) |
BMI indicates body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; WHO, World Health Organization.
a
Work involves moderate‐intensity activity that causes small increases in breathing or heart rate such as brisk walking (or carrying light loads) for at least 10 min continuously.
b
Work involves vigorous‐intensity activity that causes large increases in breathing or heart rate (carrying or lifting heavy loads, digging or construction work) for at least 10 min continuously.