Table 2.
Baseline Demographic and Preexistent Comorbid Conditions of Medicare Beneficiaries With at Least 1 Readmission for All AMIs and by PCI Versus No PCI During the Index Hospitalization
| All AMIs | AMI Without PCI | AMI With PCI | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At Least 1 Readmission | No Readmission | P Value | At Least 1 Readmission | No Readmission | P Value | At Least 1 Readmission | No Readmission | P Value | |
| Number of Medicare beneficiaries | 40 145 | 103 141 | ‐NA‐ | 27 640 | 53 666 | ‐NA‐ | 12 505 | 49 475 | ‐NA‐ |
| Age (age categories) | |||||||||
| <65 y, % | 15.03 | 13.06 | 13.71 | 10.59 | 17.94 | 15.74 | |||
| 65–69 y, % | 15.16 | 19.11 | 13.70 | 12.88 | 18.38 | 25.87 | |||
| 70–74 y, % | 15.95 | 16.49 | 14.95 | 12.95 | 18.18 | 20.33 | |||
| 75–79 y, % | 15.56 | 14.94 | 15.10 | 13.91 | 16.57 | 16.05 | |||
| ≥80 y, % | 38.30 | 36.40 | <0.001 | 42.54 | 49.67 | <0.001 | 28.92 | 22.01 | <0.001 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Men, % | 51.64 | 54.58 | <0.001 | 49.93 | 46.50 | <0.001 | 55.42 | 63.36 | <0.001 |
| Race | |||||||||
| White, % | 81.44 | 84.96 | 80.56 | 83.39 | <0.001 | 83.37 | 86.66 | <0.001 | |
| Non‐white, % | 18.56 | 15.04 | <0.001 | 19.44 | 16.61 | <0.001 | 16.63 | 13.34 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities present on admission | |||||||||
| Obesity, % | 13.48 | 12.92 | 0.006 | 12.83 | 11.45 | <0.001 | 14.91 | 14.53 | 0.283 |
| Body mass index <19, % | 1.09 | 0.93 | 0.006 | 1.32 | 1.55 | 0.009 | 0.57 | 0.25 | <0.001 |
| Malnutrition, % | 2.76 | 1.88 | <0.001 | 3.19 | 2.89 | 0.019 | 1.79 | 0.78 | <0.001 |
| Anemia, % | 31.93 | 20.16 | <0.001 | 33.81 | 26.69 | <0.001 | 27.77 | 13.07 | <0.001 |
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus, % | 1.28 | 0.73 | <0.001 | 1.20 | 0.81 | <0.001 | 1.45 | 0.64 | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus, % | 45.92 | 37.09 | <0.001 | 46.10 | 38.29 | <0.001 | 45.49 | 35.79 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker, % | 15.03 | 16.03 | <0.001 | 13.30 | 11.63 | <0.001 | 18.86 | 20.81 | <0.001 |
| History of smoking, % | 22.02 | 21.69 | 0.174 | 21.72 | 20.86 | 0.004 | 22.68 | 22.59 | 0.838 |
| Acute respiratory failure, % | 10.48 | 7.14 | <0.001 | 11.90 | 10.50 | <0.001 | 7.36 | 3.50 | <0.001 |
| Chronic respiratory failure, % | 1.20 | 0.75 | <0.001 | 1.35 | 1.07 | <0.001 | 0.85 | 0.40 | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, % | 31.66 | 23.58 | <0.001 | 32.91 | 27.41 | <0.001 | 28.92 | 19.41 | <0.001 |
| Mild chronic kidney disease, % | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.068 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.630 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.012 |
| Moderate chronic kidney disease, % | 14.35 | 10.77 | <0.001 | 15.21 | 13.51 | <0.001 | 12.45 | 7.79 | <0.001 |
| Severe chronic kidney disease, % | 5.70 | 3.49 | <0.001 | 6.84 | 5.24 | <0.001 | 3.19 | 1.58 | <0.001 |
| Dialysis dependent/end stage kidney disease, % | 10.24 | 4.28 | <0.001 | 9.89 | 5.31 | <0.001 | 11.00 | 3.17 | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease, unspecified, % | 10.61 | 8.08 | <0.001 | 11.56 | 10.56 | <0.001 | 8.51 | 5.38 | <0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease, % | 1.54 | 1.02 | <0.001 | 1.66 | 1.25 | <0.001 | 1.29 | 0.76 | <0.001 |
| Aortic aneurysm, % | 2.50 | 2.00 | <0.001 | 2.51 | 2.34 | 0.116 | 2.46 | 1.64 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, % | 17.36 | 12.02 | <0.001 | 16.90 | 13.38 | <0.001 | 18.38 | 10.53 | <0.001 |
| Prior myocardial infarction, % | 15.22 | 14.32 | <0.001 | 15.33 | 15.20 | 0.646 | 14.99 | 13.36 | <0.001 |
| Chronic ischemic heart disease, % | 79.10 | 80.69 | <0.001 | 72.42 | 69.19 | <0.001 | 93.84 | 93.15 | 0.006 |
| Heart failure, % | 52.95 | 36.33 | <0.001 | 58.19 | 49.92 | <0.001 | 41.38 | 21.59 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 84.58 | 81.92 | <0.001 | 84.33 | 83.37 | <0.001 | 85.12 | 80.35 | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, % | 62.49 | 66.34 | <0.001 | 59.51 | 60.11 | 0.098 | 69.07 | 73.09 | <0.001 |
| Cardiomyopathy, % | 8.85 | 6.53 | <0.001 | 10.13 | 8.97 | <0.001 | 6.00 | 3.88 | <0.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock, % | 1.86 | 1.67 | 0.017 | 1.53 | 1.57 | 0.674 | 2.58 | 1.78 | <0.001 |
| Cardiac arrest, % | 0.91 | 0.81 | 0.082 | 0.79 | 0.53 | 0.002 | 1.36 | 1.12 | 0.027 |
| Primary STEMI, % | 11.69 | 18.89 | <0.001 | 4.51 | 5.52 | <0.001 | 27.56 | 33.40 | <0.001 |
| Valvular heart disease, % | 20.68 | 15.39 | <0.001 | 22.96 | 20.14 | <0.001 | 15.64 | 10.23 | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, % | 28.07 | 21.33 | <0.001 | 30.78 | 28.98 | <0.001 | 22.07 | 13.02 | <0.001 |
| Ventricular fibrillation, % | 0.83 | 0.92 | 0.111 | 0.53 | 0.38 | 0.003 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 0.958 |
| Heart block, % | 9.82 | 9.36 | 0.008 | 10.40 | 10.45 | 0.844 | 8.55 | 8.19 | 0.188 |
| Prior valve surgery, % | 1.76 | 1.36 | <0.001 | 1.95 | 1.89 | 0.539 | 1.32 | 0.77 | <0.001 |
| Prior PCI, % | 18.82 | 18.71 | 0.640 | 17.20 | 16.75 | 0.099 | 22.39 | 20.84 | <0.001 |
| Prior CABG, % | 18.74 | 17.71 | <0.001 | 18.73 | 19.24 | 0.078 | 18.78 | 16.05 | <0.001 |
| Prior pacemaker implantation, % | 5.90 | 4.58 | <0.001 | 6.54 | 6.20 | 0.059 | 4.49 | 2.82 | <0.001 |
| Prior implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator, % | 4.16 | 2.81 | <0.001 | 4.50 | 3.60 | <0.001 | 3.41 | 1.96 | <0.001 |
| Prior cerebral vascular accident, % | 11.71 | 9.72 | <0.001 | 12.17 | 11.59 | 0.014 | 10.69 | 7.70 | <0.001 |
| Prior venous thromboembolism, % | 3.67 | 2.79 | <0.001 | 3.80 | 3.27 | <0.001 | 3.41 | 2.25 | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 1.62 | 1.18 | <0.001 | 1.72 | 1.41 | <0.001 | 1.41 | 0.92 | <0.001 |
| Dementia, % | `9.64 | 9.50 | 0.423 | 11.56 | 15.32 | <0.001 | 5.41 | 3.19 | <0.001 |
| Depression, % | 2.25 | 1.71 | <0.001 | 2.27 | 1.86 | <0.001 | 2.22 | 1.54 | <0.001 |
AMI indicates acute myocardial infarction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction.