Table 1.
Participants’ Characteristics
| Baseline Characteristics | Total (n=16) | Group1.0 (n=8) | Group2.0 (n=8) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, % male (n) | 31 (5) | 25 (2) | 38 (3) |
| Age, y | 64±6 | 66±5 | 62±6 |
| Current smoking, % (n) | 13 (2) | 0 (0) | 25 (2) |
| Hypertension, % (n) | 69 (11) | 50 (4) | 88 (7) |
| Lipid lowering therapy, % (n) | 25 (4) | 25 (2) | 25 (2) |
| B‐antagonist use, % (n) | 31 (5) | 38 (3) | 25 (2) |
| Intervention Outcomes | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP, mmHg | 132±10 | 131±9 | 128±11 | 134±8 | 136±7 | 128±10b |
| DBP, mmHg | 82±7 | 84±7a | 80±7 | 84±6a | 83±7 | 83±8 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.9±4.3 | 30.0±4.2 | 30.2±2.6 | 30.6±2.6a | 29.5±5.7 | 29.4±5.4 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 6.17±0.77 | 5.78±0.74a | 6.43±0.67 | 5.96±0.72b | 5.91±0.82 | 5.61±0.76 |
| Tchol, mmol/L | 5.11±0.74 | 4.88±0.61 | 5.04±0.76 | 4.94±0.48 | 5.18±0.78 | 4.83±0.75a |
| HDLc, mmol/L | 1.43±0.35 | 1.39±0.32 | 1.37±0.40 | 1.33±0.33 | 1.49±0.31 | 1.45±0.33 |
| LDLc, mmol/L | 2.85±0.72 | 2.77±0.60 | 2.74±0.74 | 2.80±0.64 | 2.96±0.72 | 2.74±0.60 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.84±1.11 | 1.63±0.93 | 2.06±1.14 | 1.82±1.00 | 1.62±1.12 | 1.43±0.87 |
| Non‐HDLc, mmol/L | 3.67±0.69 | 3.51±0.52 | 3.66±0.82 | 3.63±0.43 | 3.68±0.60 | 3.40±0.61 |
| Sedentary time, h/d | 10.1±1.3 | 9.8±1.5 | 10.4±1.7 | 10.3±1.5 | 9.9±0.6 | 9.3±1.4 |
| Sitting time >30 min, #/d | 6±2 | 6±2 | 7±2 | 7±1 | 5±1 | 5±1 |
| Walking time, h/d | 1.9±0.7 | 2.2±1.2 | 1.5±0.5 | 1.4±0.4 | 2.2±0.8 | 3.0±1.3b |
| Total step count, #/d | 8864±4138 | 10 656±6821 | 7069±2243 | 6402±2181 | 10 659±4930 | 14 909±7321b |
| Estimated physical fitness, mL·O2/mL/kg | 27.7±7.4 | 27.7±8.8 | 25.3±5.4 | 22.6±4.9 | 30.0±8.6 | 32.8±9.1 |
| Central vascular stiffnessc | 7.8±1.7 | 7.6±2.9 | n.a. | n.a. | 7.8±1.7 | 8.1 ±2.8 |
| Peripheral vascular stiffness‡ | 9.1±1.0 | 9.0±2.4 | n.a. | n.a. | 9.1±1.0 | 9.8 ±1.3 |
Paired samples t‐test, mean, SD, or X2 test for categorical data, mean (n). First and second group were matched (age, sex, BMI, smoking). BMI indicates body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; Tchol, total cholesterol.
a
P<0.05 between pre and post intervention.
b
P<0.01.
c
Data are missing for 8 participants.