Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics in Patients Who Received a New Pacemaker Within 30 days of the Index Procedure
| No Pacemaker (n=459) | New Pacemaker (n=245) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 82±8 | 83±7 | 0.48 |
| Female sex | 236 (51) | 123 (50) | 0.76 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29±7 | 31±8 | 0.001 |
| STS score | 6.5±4.2 | 6.8±3.6 | 0.33 |
| EuroSCORE II | 5.9±4.5 | 6.5±5.7 | 0.14 |
| Extreme surgical risk | 111 (24) | 45 (18) | 0.08 |
| LVEF <40% | 40 (8.8) | 11 (4.5) | 0.04 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 124 (27) | 78 (32) | 0.18 |
| Atrial flutter | 14 (3.1) | 11 (4.6) | 0.31 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 136 (30) | 82 (34) | 0.29 |
| History of coronary artery disease | 321 (70) | 176 (72) | 0.63 |
| History of myocardial infarction | 75 (17) | 44 (18) | 0.54 |
| History of percutaneous coronary intervention | 138 (30) | 79 (32) | 0.55 |
| History of coronary artery bypass graft surgery | 110 (24) | 60 (25) | 0.85 |
| Congestive heart failure | 349 (77) | 182 (76) | 0.80 |
| Annulus area, mm2 | 446±68 | 450±67 | 0.45 |
| LVOT area, mm2 | 427±80 | 427±76 | 0.99 |
| Aortic valve area, cm2 | 0.7±0.2 | 0.7±0.2 | 0.001 |
| Mean aortic valve gradient, mm Hg | 45±14 | 45±13 | 0.77 |
| Baseline RBBB | 17 (3.7) | 68 (28) | <0.0001 |
| Baseline LBBB | 36 (7.9) | 20 (8.2) | 0.91 |
| Baseline LAFB | 70 (15) | 51 (21) | 0.07 |
| Baseline first degree atrioventricular block | 31 (6.8) | 25 (10) | 0.11 |
| Mean depth of valve implantation, mm | 5.7±2.2 | 6.2±2.3 | 0.01 |
| Annulus overstretch | 125±20 | 118±17 | <0.0001 |
| LVOT overstretch | 132±26 | 126±22 | 0.002 |
| Current immunosuppressive therapy | 48 (11) | 22 (9.1) | 0.57 |
| Hypertension | 420 (92) | 231 (94) | 0.18 |
| Prior balloon aortic valvuloplasty | 28 (6.1) | 17 (7.1) | 0.63 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (≥moderate) | 71 (16) | 50 (21) | 0.08 |
| Prior stroke | 60 (13) | 28 (12) | 0.54 |
| Right carotid artery stenosis (≥80%) | 11 (3.0) | 3 (1.6) | 0.40 |
| Left carotid artery stenosis (≥80%) | 9 (2.5) | 2 (1.1) | 0.35 |
| Prior carotid endarterectomy/ carotid artery stenting | 37 (8.2) | 16 (6.6) | 0.47 |
| History of peripheral vascular disease | 127 (28) | 72 (30) | 0.58 |
| History of dialysis‐dependent renal failure | 5 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0.17 |
| Severe liver disease/cirrhosis | 6 (1.3) | 4 (1.7) | 0.74 |
| Platelet count <150 (109/L) | 81 (18) | 45 (18) | 0.34 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1±0.40 | 1.1±0.42 | 0.64 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 3.8±0.43 | 3.8±0.48 | 0.55 |
| Moderate or greater calcification of left coronary cusp | 86 (19) | 46 (19) | 0.20 |
| Moderate or greater calcification of right coronary cusp | 13 (2.8) | 4 (1.6) | >0.99 |
| Moderate or greater calcification of non‐coronary cusp | 331 (72) | 173 (71) | 0.79 |
| Depth of implant from left coronary sinus, mm | 6.3±2.5 | 6.7±2.6 | 0.02 |
| Depth of implant from posterior aortic sinus of the ascending aorta, mm | 5.1±2.7 | 5.7±2.8 | 0.03 |
% unless indicated. Calcification graded by computed tomographic imaging core laboratory as none/mild, moderate, or severe. Annulus overstretch indicates valve area/annulus area [by CTA]; LAFB, left anterior fascicular block; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVOT overstretch, valve area/LVOT area [by CTA]; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; RBBB, right bundle branch block; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons.