Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics in Awake and Nonawake Patients
| Determinants | Nonawake Surgery n = 612 (% of Nonawake)a | Awake Surgery n = 168 (% of Awake)a | P value for Pearson-Chi2/ t-test |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean) | 61.4 y | 51.5 y | <.0005 |
| Gender, Male | 361 (60.0) | 114 (67.9) | .035 |
| Biopsy vs Resection, Biopsy Only | 211 (34.5) | 0 (0) | <.0005 |
| Histology | <.0005 | ||
| Oligodendroglioma | 16 (2.6) | 8 (4.8) | |
| Astrocytoma | 78 (12.8) | 39 (23.2) | |
| Oligoastrocytoma | 23 (3.8) | 41 (24.4) | |
| Glioblastoma | 493 (80.6) | 78 (46.4) | |
| Ganglioglioma | 1 (0.2) | 2 (1.2) | |
| WHO Grade | <.0005 | ||
| II | 54 (8.8) | 62 (36.9) | |
| III | 65 (10.6) | 29 (17.3) | |
| IV | 493 (80.6) | 77 (45.8) | |
| Epileptic Seizure(S) Before Surgery | 231 (37.8) | 61 (36.3) | .600 |
| Use of Antiepileptic Drugs Before Surgery | 211 (34.5) | 58 (34.5) | .992 |
| KPS | .003 | ||
| 0-60 | 57 (9.3) | 11 (6.6) | |
| 70 or more | 307 (50.1) | 157 (93.5) | |
| Hemisphere Involvement on T2 (FLAIR) Measured | <.0005 | ||
| Left | 210 (34.3) | 118 (70.2) | |
| Right | 270 (44.1) | 44 (26.2) | |
| Both sided | 133 (21.7) | 6 (3.6) | |
| Left frontal (+) | 229 (37.4) | 85 (50.6) | .003 |
| Left parietal (+) | 148 (24.2) | 41 (24.4) | .977 |
| Left temporal (+) | 151 (24.7) | 62 (36.9) | .002 |
| Left occipital (+) | 60 (9.8) | 21 (12.5) | .337 |
| Left insula (+) | 143 (23.4) | 69 (41.1) | <.0005 |
| Left hippocampus (+) | 48 (7.8) | 30 (17.9) | <.0005 |
| Right frontal (+) | 271 (44.3) | 42 (25.0) | <.0005 |
| Right parietal (+) | 203 (33.2) | 23 (13.7) | <.0005 |
| Right temporal (+) | 222 (36.3) | 20 (11.9) | <.0005 |
| Right occipital (+) | 116 (20.0) | 5 (3.0) | <.0005 |
| Right insula (+) | 212 (34.6) | 27 (16.1) | <.0005 |
| Right hippocampus (–) | 87 (14.2) | 3 (1.8) | <.0005 |
| Multifocal (+) | 75 (12.3) | 3 (1.8) | <.0005 |
Abbreviation: FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.
aPercentages do not add up to 100% for certain variables because of missing values.