Appendix Table 3.
Excluding all bilateral diagnostic screens, prevalence of screening mammography and associated resident characteristics among Medicare beneficiary women in nursing homes long-term in the United States within a one-year period (2011)
| Age | 65-74 years | ≥75 years | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No.* | %** | Prevalence Ratio (PR) | Adjusted PR | No.* | %** | Prevalence Ratio (PR) | Adjusted PR | |
| (95% CI***) | (95% CI***) | (95% CI***) | (95% CI***) | |||||
| Overall | 43,683 | 6.2† | - | - | 346,138 | 1.4‡ | - | - |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 33,684 | 6.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 293,633 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 7,260 | 5.6 | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.0) | 1.1 (1.0 – 1.2) | 34,544 | 1.8 | 1.3 (1.1 – 1.4) | 1.6 (1.5 – 1.8) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 1,910 | 4.6 | 0.7 (0.6 – 0.9) | 0.9 (0.8– 1.2) | 12,018 | 1.2 | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.0) | 1.1 (0.9 – 1.3) |
| Other | 829 | 3.9 | 0.6 (0.4 – 0.9) | 0.7 (0.5 – 1.0) | 5,943 | 0.9 | 0.7 (0.5 – 0.9) | 0.7 (0.6 – 1.0) |
| Marital Status | ||||||||
| Married | 7,855 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 38,018 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Not married/ separated | 35,828 | 1.4 (1.2 – 1.5) | 1.1 (1.0 – 1.2) | 308,120 | 1.4 | 0.8 (0.7 – 0.9) | 0.7 (0.6 – 0.7) | |
| Cognitive Impairment | ||||||||
| None/mild | 18,129 | 9.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 74,147 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Moderate | 11,989 | 5.5 | 0.6 (0.5 – 0.6) | 0.7 (0.6 – 0.8) | 99,332 | 1.3 | 0.4 (0.4 – 0.4) | 0.5 (0.5 – 0.5) |
| Severe | 13,565 | 2.7 | 0.3 (0.3 – 0.3) | 0.4 (0.4 – 0.5) | 172,659 | 0.6 | 0.2 (0.2 – 0.2) | 0.3 (0.3 – 0.3) |
| Frailty | ||||||||
| Non-frail | 8,651 | 11.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 46,607 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Pre-frail | 5,229 | 8.7 | 0.8 (0.7 – 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7 – 0.9) | 39,430 | 2.3 | 0.6 (0.6 – 0.7) | 0.7 (0.6 – 0.7) |
| Frail | 29,803 | 4.2 | 0.4 (0.3 – 0.4) | 0.5 (0.4 – 0.5) | 260,101 | 0.9 | 0.2 (0.2 – 0.3) | 0.4 (0.3 – 0.4) |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Cancer | 1,215 | 8.4 | 1.4 (1.1 – 1.7) | 1.4 (1.1 – 1.7) | 9,738 | 2.5 | 1.8 (1.6 – 2.0) | 1.7 (1.5 – 1.9) |
| Dementia | 19,901 | 33.6 | 0.6 (0.6 – 0.7) | 0.8 (0.8 – 0.9) | 239,027 | 1.0 | 0.5 (0.4 – 0.5) | 0.8 (0.8 – 0.9) |
| Neurological | 14,500 | 5.6 | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.0) | 1.1 (1.0 – 1.2) | 61,817 | 1.3 | 0.9 (0.8 – 0.9) | 1.1 (1.0 – 1.2) |
| Cardiovascular | 8,933 | 5.6 | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.0) | 0.8 (0.7 – 0.9) | 82,813 | 1.5 | 0.9 (0.8 – 0.9) | 1.0 (0.9 – 1.0) |
| Musculoskeletal | 15,079 | 7.4 | 1.3 (1.2 – 1.4) | 1.3 (1.2 – 1.4) | 160,690 | 1.6 | 1.2 (1.2 – 1.3) | 1.2 (1.1 – 1.3) |
| Respiratory | 11,029 | 6.8 | 1.1 (1.0 – 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9 – 1.1) | 63,663 | 1.8 | 1.3 (1.2 – 1.4) | 1.2 (1.1 – 1.3) |
| Organ Failure | ||||||||
| None | 33,089 | 6.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 252,385 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Single organ failure | 8,973 | 5.9 | 0.9 (0.9 – 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.0) | 83,214 | 1.4 | 1.0 (0.9 – 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8 – 0.9) |
| Multiple organ failure | 1,621 | 5.5 | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.1) | 0.8 (0.6 – 1.0) | 10,539 | 1.5 | 1.0 (0.9 – 1.2) | 0.8 (0.7 – 1.0) |
| End-of-life Care/ Status | ||||||||
| Hospice | 893 | 0.5 | 0.1 (0.0 – 0.2) | 0.2 (0.1 – 0.5) | 12,954 | 0.1 | 0.1 (0.0 – 0.1) | 0.1 (0.1 – 0.3) |
| ≥ Six-month prognosis | 680 | 0.9 | 0.1 (0.1 –0.3) | 0.5 (0.2 – 1.1) | 8,723 | 0.2 | 0.1 (0.1 – 0.2) | 0.7 (0.4 – 1.1) |
| Region | ||||||||
| Northeast | 8,614 | 7.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 82,608 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Midwest | 11,603 | 7.8 | 1.1 (1.0 – 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9 – 1.1) | 101,685 | 1.6 | 1.2 (1.1 – 1.3) | 1.0 (0.9 – 1.1) |
| South | 18,897 | 4.9 | 0.7 (0.6 – 0.8) | 0.7 (0.6 – 0.8) | 129,398 | 1.4 | 1.0 (0.9 – 1.1) | 0.9 (0.9 – 1.0) |
| West | 4,569 | 5.7 | 0.8 (0.7 – 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7 – 0.9) | 32,447 | 1.3 | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.1) | 1.0 (0.8 – 1.1) |
| Region Type | ||||||||
| Rural | 11,955 | 6.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 98,460 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Urban | 31,728 | 6.1 | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.0) | 247,678 | 1.8 | 0.7 (0.7 –0.8) | 0.8 (0.7 – 0.9) |
No.= total number of nursing home residents;
% = percent of nursing home residents that received screening mammography ;
CI = confidence interval;
6.2% = 6.2% with a 95% confidence interval of 6.0 – 6.5%;
1.4% = 1.4% with a 95% confidence interval of 1.4 – 1.5%
Notes: Prevalence Ratio (PR) = crude prevalence ratio via Poisson regression with each characteristic individually; Adjusted PR (APR) = adjusted prevalence ratio via multivariable Poisson regression with clustering by facility adjusted for characteristics listed in this table + length of stay; APR reference categories for comorbidity and end-of-life care/status variables are those without that condition or service
Comorbidities defined: cancer = any active cancer diagnosis; dementia = dementia or Alzheimer’s Disease; neurological = paralysis, traumatic brain injury, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease; cardiovascular = Coronary Artery Disease, Peripheral Vascular Disease; musculoskeletal = osteoporosis, arthritis, recent fracture; respiratory = asthma, Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, pneumonia