Figure 5. Effect of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf extract (RP) on IL-1β signaling pathway phosphorylation in HUVECs. (A) Levels of IKK and MAP kinase (JNK, p38) phosphorylation were determined by western blotting (representative images shown). (B) Ratio of phosphorylated IKK, JNK, and p38 normalized to the total levels of IKK, JNK, and p38, respectively (error bars indicate±SEM; n=3; #p<0.001 compared with no-treatment control; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 compared to IL-1β–treated control).
