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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2019 Oct 17;180:108831. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108831

Table 3:

Differences in health outcomes following cookstove treatments compared to control at three post-treatment time points using linear mixed models*

Health measurement time point Treatment
Control LPG Gasifier Fan rocket Rocket elbow Three stone fire
Pulse wave velocity (m/s)
Mean (sd) Difference compared to control (95% confidence interval)
0-hour post-treatment 6.16 (0.69) 0.02 (−0.16, 0.21) 0.08 (−0.11, 0.26) −0.06 (−0.25, 0.12) −0.07 (−0.25, 0.11) −0.11 (−0.29, 0.07)
3-hour post-treatment 6.05 (0.81) −0.04 (−0.22, 0.14) 0.18 (0.01, 0.36) −0.04 (−0.21, 0.14) 0.06 (−0.12, 0.24) 0.00 (−0.17, 0.18)
24-hour post-treatment 5.90 (0.64) 0.15 (−0.02, 0.32) 0.16 (−0.01, 0.33) 0.09 (−0.08, 0.26) 0.08 (−0.08, 0.25) 0.15 (−0.02, 0.31)
Augmentation index (%)
Mean (sd) Difference compared to control (95% confidence interval)
0-hour post-treatment 10.5 (10.8) −0.6 (−3.7, 2.4) −2.5 (−5.5, 0.6) 0.0 (−3.1, 3.1) −0.4 (−3.4, 2.6) 0.7 (−2.3, 3.7)
3-hour post-treatment 4.9 (8.5) 0.0 (−3.3, 3.2) 0.6 (−2.7, 3.8) 1.6 (−1.7, 4.9) 0.8 (−2.5, 4.0) 2.9 (−0.4, 6.1)
24-hour post-treatment 10.8 (9.3) −1.1 (−4.3, 2.2) 0.6 (−2.7, 3.9) 0.3 (−3.0, 3.6) −0.6 (−3.8, 2.6) −1.5 (−4.7, 1.8)
Central pulse pressure (mmHg)
Mean (sd) Difference compared to control (95% Confidence Interval)
0-hour post-treatment 32.6 (5.1) 0.0 (−1.4, 1.5) −1.1 (−2.6, 0.4) −0.1 (−1.6, 1.4) −0.6 (−2.0, 0.9) −0.9 (−2.4, 0.6)
3-hour post-treatment 31.5 (4.8) 0.5 (−1.0, 1.9) 0.3 (−1.2, 1.8) −0.5 (−2.0, 1.0) −0.3 (−1.8, 1.2) −0.6 (−2.0, 0.9)
24-hour post-treatment 31.1 (5.5) 1.3 (−0.2, 2.7) 1.5 (0.0, 3.0) 1.6 (0.1, 3.0) 1.0 (−0.5, 2.4) 0.6 (−0.8, 2.1)

LPG = liquefied petroleum gas; sd = standard deviation

*

Model terms include cookstove treatment level (fixed) + baseline health measurement (fixed) + date (random) + participant (random)