Table 2.

Characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Country	Sample size		Diet composition (protein : fat : CHO) (%)		Relevant outcomes	Mean age (years)		Mean BMI (baseline)		Duration
		Trial group	Control group	Trial group	Control group		Trial group	Control group	Trial group	Control group
Yuan et al. [10]	China	101	50	40–45 : 30–35 : 20–25	25–30 : 30 : 45	BMI	28.6 ± 1.7	28.5 ± 9.5	27.7 ± 1.7	27.6 ± 1.8	8 weeks
Mehrabani et al. [14]	Australia	23	26	30 : 30 : 40	15 : 30 : 55	T, FSH, LH, SHBG, HOMA-IR, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C	30.5 ± 6.4	28.5 ± 5.2	31.9 ± 4.0	31.1 ± 4.6	12 weeks
Gower et al. [12]	USA	15	12	19 : 40 : 41	18 : 27 : 55	T, FSH, LH, HOMA-IR, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C	31.2 ± 5.8		31.8 ± 5.7		8 weeks
Moran et al. [13]	USA	14	14	30 : 30 : 40	15 : 30 : 55	HOMA-IR, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C	32 ± 1.2	33 ± 1.2	37.9 ± 1.6	37.7 ± 1.9	16 weeks
Wong et al. [11]	USA	7	9	20 : 35 : 45	20 : 25 : 55	BMI, T, SHBG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C	15.4 ± 1.3	16.3 ± 2.2	36.2 ± 5.3	33.9 ± 4.7	24 weeks
Perelman et al. [15]	USA	6	6	15 : 45 : 40	15 : 25 : 60	TC, HDL-C, LDL-C	30 ± 7		39 ± 7		3 weeks
Douglas et al. [16]	USA	9	9	15 : 45 : 43	16 : 31–33 : 55–56	T, FSH, LH, SHBG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C	33 ± 6		30.0 ± 3.7		1 weeks
Stamets et al. [17]	USA	13	13	30 : 30 : 40	15 : 30 : 55	T, FSH, LH, HOMA-IR, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C	29 ± 4	26 ± 4	38 ± 4	37 ± 5	4 weeks