Table 1.
The characteristic of studies (n = 14).
| Author | Country | Study design | Year | Age (yrs) | Male | Number of population | NOS/AHRQ | Stage of CKD | Pathogeny |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pawlak et al. [23] | Poland | Cross-sectional | 2007 | 58.5 ± 12.3 | 38 | 64 | 7 | 5 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11 |
| Pawlak et al. [24] | Poland | Cross-sectional | 2010 | 53.3 ± 15.3 | 43 | 70 | 6 | 5 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11 |
| Pawlak et al. [25] | Poland | Cross-sectional | 2012 | 54.5 ± 14.3 | 35 | 60 | 7 | 1–5 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11 |
| Bock et al. [26] | America | Cross-sectional | 2013 | 12.1 ± 5.0 | 43 | 99 | 10 | NA | 1, 10, 11 |
| Hayek et al. [12] | America | Cohort | 2015 | 63 ± 12 | 2404 | 3683 | 8 | NA | NA |
| Meijers et al. [13] | Belgium | Cohort | 2015 | 61 ± 5.8 | 260 | 476 | 7 | 1–4 | NA |
| Drechsler et al. [14] | Germany | Cohort | 2017 | 66 ± 8 | 635 | 1175 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
| Schaefer et al. [27] | European | Cohort | 2017 | 11.9 ± 3.5 | 560 | 898 | 7 | NA | 1, 10, 11 |
| Kaminski et al. [28] | Poland | Cross-sectional | 2018 | 52.9 ± 15.7 | 26 | 65 | 7 | 1–5 | NA |
| Luo et al. [29] | America | Cohort | 2018 | 55 ± 11 | 582 | 955 | 6 | NA | NA |
| Lv et al. [30] | China | Cohort | 2018 | 48.2 ± 13.8 | 1402 | 2391 | 7 | 3–4 | 1, 6, 11 |
| Wlazel et al. [31] | Poland | Cohort | 2018 | 66.7 ± 13 | 42 | 64 | 7 | 4–5 | 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 |
| Wu et al. [32] | China | Cohort | 2018 | 52.0 ± 14.3 | 53 | 99 | 7 | 4–5 | 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11 |
| Rotbain curovic et al. [33] | Denmark | Cohort | 2019 | 56 ± 12 | 178 | 667 | 7 | NA | 6 |
1, chronic glomerulonephritis; 2, interstitial nephritis; 3, polycystic kidney disease; 4, secondary amyloidosis; 5, hypertensive nephropathy; 6, diabetes mellitus; 7, obstructive nephropathy; 8, ischemic nephropathy; 9, renal tumor; 10, nonglomerular diseases; 11, other renal disease; NA : not applicable.