Table 1.
Hormones (in serum and follicular fluid) and enzymatic and nonenzymatic oxidative stress markers (in follicular fluid). Differences between top quality and nontop quality embryos and pregnancy success and failure for analysed risk factors were found.
| Risk factor | NTQ n = 6 |
TQ n = 47 |
P value | Failure n = 37 |
Success n = 16 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 32.0 ± 3.16 | 34.8 ± 3.95 | 0.1725 | 34.7 ± 4.33 | 34.3 ± 3.24 | 0.7996 |
| BMI | 22.1 ± 4.13 | 22.4 ± 2.57 | 0.9055 | 22.2 ± 2.90 | 22.1 ± 1.48 | 0.8789 |
|
| ||||||
| Serum | ||||||
| AMH | 4.21 ± 2.55 | 4.07 ± 2.75 | 0.9240 | 3.51 ± 2.12 | 5.30 ± 3.49 | 0.1805 |
| FSH | 7.83 ± 1.86 | 6.87 ± 1.86 | 0.3909 | 7.43 ± 1.65 | 5.83 ± 1.84 | 0.0397 |
| LH | 5.98 ± 1.95 | 6.44 ± 2.28 | 0.6848 | 6.27 ± 2.26 | 6.55 ± 2.28 | 0.7771 |
|
| ||||||
| Follicular fluid | ||||||
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 492375 ± 177179 | 487560 ± 340745 | 0.9655 | 439549 ± 285933 | 635900 ± 416595 | 0.1979 |
| Progesteron (ng/mL) | 11838 ± 2254 | 11837 ± 4619 | 0.9995 | 12615 ± 4838 | 10165 ± 3311 | 0.1045 |
| AMH (ng/mL) | 3.30 ± 1.70 | 3.50 ± 2.07 | 0.8396 | 3.42 ± 1.87 | 3.52 ± 2.38 | 0.9064 |
| FSH (mIU/mL) | 4.99 ± 1.99 | 4.41 ± 1.76 | 0.6149 | 4.60 ± 1.80 | 4.00 ± 1.62 | 0.3556 |
| LH (mIU/mL) | 0.73 ± 0.58 | 0.68 ± 0.66 | 0.8781 | 0.66 ± 0.58 | 0.78 ± 0.80 | 0.6769 |
| Vitamin D total (ng/mL) | 20.0 ± 10.4 | 28.2 ± 12.6 | 0.2167 | 28.1 ± 11.7 | 25.8 ± 16.1 | 0.6898 |
| Protein g/L | 57.5 ± 2.78 | 56.8 ± 3.18 | 0.6623 | 56.9 ± 3.35 | 56.2 ± 2.93 | 0.5737 |
| SH μmol/L | 240 ± 20.8 | 232 ± 37.5 | 0.5723 | 235 ± 33.4 | 227 ± 45.1 | 0.6340 |
| SH μmol/g protein | 4.17 ± 0.29 | 4.09 ± 0.60 | 0.6551 | 4.12 ± 0.54 | 4.02 ± 0.70 | 0.6927 |
| CER mg/dL | 34.2 ± 7.55 | 36.2 ± 6.61 | 0.6394 | 35.6 ± 6.74 | 35.8 ± 7.34 | 0.9434 |
| TAC μmol/L | 0.93 ± 0.05 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 0.5861 | 0.93 ± 0.07 | 0.88 ± 0.06 | 0.0736 |
| TOS μmol/L | 1.68 ± 0.84 | 2.36 ± 0.83 | 0.2869 | 2.35 ± 0.89 | 2.06 ± 0.64 | 0.3007 |
| GR IU/L | 18.4 ± 1.54 | 20.3 ± 3.78 | 0.1037 | 20.5 ± 3.27 | 18.3 ± 1.84 | 0.0206 |
| GR IU/g protein | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.36 ± 0.06 | 0.0617 | 0.36 ± 0.06 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.0283 |
| SOD NU/mL | 15.5 ± 0.95 | 16.0 ± 2.36 | 0.4874 | 15.9 ± 1.14 | 15.1 ± 1.44 | 0.1635 |
| MnSOD NU/mL | 6.19 ± 0.48 | 6.87 ± 0.80 | 0.0554 | 6.79 ± 0.78 | 6.96 ± 0.88 | 0.5958 |
| CuZnSOD NU/mL | 9.31 ± 1.28 | 9.09 ± 2.41 | 0.7913 | 9.07 ± 1.17 | 8.14 ± 1.12 | 0.0446 |
| LPS RF | 678 ± 196 | 624 ± 66.4 | 0.6231 | 626 ± 77.6 | 612 ± 45.8 | 0.5067 |
| MDA μmol/L | 1.80 ± 0.19 | 1.83 ± 0.47 | 0.8164 | 1.79 ± 0.28 | 1.85 ± 0.73 | 0.8122 |
| GPX IU/L | 418 ± 36.3 | 472 ± 50.0 | 0.0487 | 459 ± 38.7 | 487 ± 58.1 | 0.1938 |
| GPX IU/g protein | 7.30 ± 0.81 | 8.33 ± 0.90 | 0.0766 | 8.11 ± 0.87 | 8.65 ± 0.77 | 0.0907 |
| GST IU/L | 3.03 ± 1.01 | 2.70 ± 0.76 | 0.5704 | 2.88 ± 0.85 | 2.28 ± 0.42 | 0.0113 |
| GST IU/g protein | 0.05 ± 0.015 | 0.05 ± 0.013 | 0.6020 | 0.05 ± 0.015 | 0.04 ± 0.006 | 0.0106 |
| OSI | 0.18 ± 0.09 | 0.26 ± 0.09 | 0.2775 | 0.26 ± 0.10 | 0.23 ± 0.07 | 0.4802 |
SH: sulfhydryl group; CER: ceruloplasmin; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; TOS: total oxidant status; LPS: lipofuscin; MDA: malondialdehyde; OSI: oxidative stress index; SOD: superoxide dismutase; MnSOD: manganese superoxide dismutase; CuZnSOD: copper zinc superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; GPX: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; GST: glutathione-S-transferase; NU-nitric unit (1NU of SOD activity means that it inhibits nitric ion production by 50%); RF: relative fluorescence lipid extract.