Table 1. Characteristics of studies conducted in a specific Brazilian region.
| Author (city) | n (% of women) | Age | University | Design (recruitment period) | Instruments | WHOQOL/SF-36 (scores) | Positive predictors | Negative predictors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paro12
(Uberlândia) |
390 (61.3) | 19.1 (n=38) 22.3 (n=352) |
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) (public) |
Cross-sectional (Feb 2006 and Feb 2007) | SF-36 BDI |
SF-36 (the mean score for each SF-36 domain of the entire population was not reported) |
Depressive symptoms (BDI ≥ 9) Female Third year of study |
|
| Alves14
(Recife) |
370 (57.02) | Not reported | Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) (public) Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE) (public) Escola Pernambucana de Medicina (EPM) (private) |
Cross-sectional (Aug 2006-Apr 2007) | WHOQOL-Bref | WHOQOL-Bref (the mean score for each domain of the entire population was not reported) |
Sixth year of study | |
| Ramos-Dias15
(Sorocaba) |
100 (51.0) | 20.5 (first year of study) 24.4 (sixth year of study) |
Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Sorocaba (PUC-SP) (private) |
Cross-sectional (not reported) | WHOQOL-Bref CAGE questionnaire |
WHOQOL-Bref (the mean score for each domain of the entire population was not reported) |
First year of study | |
| Meyer16
(state of Santa Catarina) |
302 (55.6) | 25.3 (mean) | Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) (public) and 10 private universities*
(public/private) |
Cross-sectional (Jun 2011-Sep 2011) | WHOQOL-Bref Job Stress Scale |
WHOQOL-Bref Physical = 73.0 Psychological = 73.1 Social relationship = 79.3 Environment = 76.8 |
Undetected | Undetected |
| Olmo17
(Santos) |
94 (62.76) | 17-30 (years) | Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES) (private) |
Cross-sectional (May 2011) | WHOQOL-Bref | WHOQOL-Bref (the mean score for each domain of the entire population was not reported) |
Sixth year of study | |
| Paro18
(Campinas) |
309 (not reported) | Not reported | Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP) (public) |
Cross-sectional (not reported) | SF-36 | SF-36 Physical functioning = 91.1 Role physical = 63.0 Bodily pain = 70.6 General health = 68.0 Vitality = 43.4 Social functioning = 64.7 Role emotional = 50.1 Mental health = 61.1 |
Later years of study | |
| Chazan19
Chazan20 (Rio de Janeiro) |
394 (61.0) | 23 (mean) | Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) (public) |
Cross-sectional (Apr 2010-May 2010) | WHOQOL-Bref Reported chronic morbidity |
WHOQOL-Bref Physical = 66.0 Psychological = 63.5 Social relationship = 68.9 Environment = 58.0 |
Economic class C Quota students† Chronic illness Female gender Third and sixth years of study |
|
| Hickel21
(Pelotas) |
298 (58.1) | 22 (mean) | Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) (public) |
Cross-sectional (Dec 2012-Mar 2013) | WHOQOL-Bref | WHOQOL-Bref Physical = 67.0 Psychological = 65.0 Social relationship = 71.0 Environment = 67.0 |
Distance from hometown | |
| Pagnin & Queirós2
(Niterói) |
206 (55.8) (students) |
Not reported | Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) (public) |
Cross-sectional (not reported) | WHOQOL-Bref | WHOQOL-Bref Physical = 60.26 Psychological = 60.98 Social relationship = 67.48 Environment = 58.78 |
Female gender | |
| Pagnin & Queirós22
(Niterói) |
193 (53.9) (second-year medical students) |
21.42 (mean) | Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) (public) |
Cross-sectional (not reported) | WHOQOL-Bref MBI-SSMSQSRRSBDI |
WHOQOL-Bref Physical = 59.55 Psychological = 62.36 Social relationship = 66.97 Environment = 61.97 |
Sense of academic efficacy/accomplishment | Burnout Sleep problems Cynicism Depressive symptoms |
| Lins23
Lins24 (Salvador) |
180 (58.33) | 17-33 (years) | Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (private) |
Cross-sectional (Oct 2013-Nov 2013) | SF-36 ESS |
SF-36 Physical functioning = 51.5 Role physical = 44.9 Bodily pain = 50.2 General health = 46.2 Vitality = 46.7 Social functioning = 42.7 Role emotional = 41.6 Mental health = 45.9 |
Male students not supported by FIES | Students supported by the loan program (FIES), especially in the sixth year of school Female students supported by FIES Lack of physical activity Headache Sleepiness |
| Legey25
(Rio de Janeiro) |
140 (46.42) | 23.6 (mean) | Universidade Veiga de Almeida (UVA) (private) |
Cross-sectional (not reported) | SF-36 STAI Silhouette Scale POMS |
SF-36 Not reported |
Body image satisfaction | |
| Cunha26
(São Paulo) |
607 (42.6) | 22.9 (mean) | Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) (public) |
Cross-sectional (Aug 2011-Dec 2011) | WHOQOL-100 | WHOQOL-100 Physical health = 64.7 Psychological = 70.1 Level of independence = 79 Social relationship = 77.3 Environment = 70.5 Spirituality = 72.3 |
Sixth year of study Economic class C/D Female gender |
|
| Serinolli & Novaretti27
(São Paulo) |
405 (56.3) | 23.55 (mean) | Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE) (private) |
Cross-sectional (Oct 2014-Nov 2014) | WHOQOL-Bref | WHOQOL-Bref‡
Physical = 63.67 Psychological = 65.11 Social relationship = 70.97 Environment = 59.01 |
Religious beliefs Male gender At least one physician parent |
Body mass index Daily commute time |
| Pereira28
Ribeiro29 (Patos) |
138 (58.7) | 18-24 (years) | Faculdades Integradas de Patos (FIP) (private) |
Cross-sectional (2016-2017) | WHOQOL-Bref MBI-SSISSLBDI |
WHOQOL-Bref Physical = 62.42 Psychological = 65.36 Social relationship = 69.92 Environment = 62.36 |
Satisfaction with course contentment Psychological treatment |
Depression Burnout Stress |
| Santos30
(Jequié) |
115 (46.9) | 24.7 (mean) | Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB) (private) |
Cross-sectional (2016) | WHOQOL-Bref SRQ-20 |
WHOQOL-Bref Physical = 62.42 Psychological = 65.36 Social relationship = 69.92 Environment = 62.36 |
Psychiatric symptoms (SRQ-20 > 6) |
BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; CAGE = cut-annoyed-guilty-eye questionnaire; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale; FIES = Fundo de Financiamento ao Estudante do Ensino Superior; MBI-SS = Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey; MSQ = Mini-Sleep Questionnaire; POMS = Profile of Mood States Scale; RCM = referred chronic morbidity; SF-36 = 36-item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire; SRQ-20 = Self Report Screening Questionnaire-20; SRRS = Social Readjustment Rating Scale; STAI = State-trait anxiety inventory; WHOQOL-100 = World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument; WHOQOL-Bref = World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version.
*
Private universities: Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL) (Pedra Branca – Palhoça and Tubarão campuses), Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE), Universidade do Planalto Catarinense (UNIPLAC), Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (UNOCHAPECÓ), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC).
†
At the time of the study, 45% of places for incoming students at UERJ were set aside for the admission of socially disadvantaged students. More information on this quota policy is available elsewhere.19
‡
Data extracted from the supplemental material.