Table 2. Crude and multivariable analysis of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit substance abuse/dependence and their association with anxiety disorders.
| Tobacco | Alcohol | Illicit substances | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude PR (95%CI) | Adjusted PR (95%CI) | Crude PR (95%CI) | Adjusted PR (95%CI) | Crude PR (95%CI) | Adjusted PR (95%CI) | |
| GAD | 1.53 (1.21-1.92) | 0.96 (0.72-1.28) | 1.23 (0.96-1.57) | 1.03 (0.75-1.44) | 2.87 (1.93-4.28) | 1.76 (1.00-3.11) |
| OCD | 1.77 (1.28-2.46) | 0.91 (0.54-1.53) | 1.64 (1.18-2.27) | 1.13 (0.69-1.86) | 4.14 (2.55-6.73) | 0.49 (0.21-1.16) |
| PD | 1.67 (1.14-2.46) | 0.91 (0.57-1.45) | 1.15 (0.71-1.85) | 1.08 (0.67-1.74) | 3.34 (1.83-6.10) | 0.69 (0.25-1.88) |
| SAD | 1.49 (1.07-2.09) | 0.9 (0.55-1.47) | 1.32 (0.93-1.86) | 0.95 (0.60-1.54) | 3.6 (2.23-5.83) | 0.93 (0.41-2.12) |
| Agoraphobia | 1.6 (1.30-1.96) | 1.32 (1.01-1.74) | 1.24 (0.99-1.55) | 0.92 (0.67-1.27) | 2.54 (1.73-3.75) | 0.98 (0.50-1.94) |
| PTSD | 2.05 (1.43-2.93) | 0.86 (0.53-1.40) | 1.29 (0.79-2.09) | 0.71 (0.36-1.36) | 4.59 (2.66-7.93) | 2.41 (1.22-4.77) |
95%CI = 95% confidence interval; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder; PD = panic disorder; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disease; SAD = social anxiety disorder.
Multivariable models adjusted for gender, age, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, working in the last year, studying the last year, cohabitation, number of stressful events in the last year, another anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms, manic and/or hypomanic episode, and abuse/dependence of other substances.