Table 5. PSDQ styles and dimensions and their correlation with sociodemographic variables, children’s behavioral/emotional problems, and reliability.
| PSDQ styles | PSDQ dimensions | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | 1. Authoritative | 2. Authoritarian | 3. Permissive | 1A. Warmth and support | 1B. Regulation | 1C. Autonomy | 2A. Physical coercion | 2B. Verbal hostility | 2C. Punitive | 3A. Indulgent |
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Child’s age (n=451) | -0.090 | 0.030 | -0.030 | -0.145† | -0.030 | -0.030 | -0.102* | 0.111* | 0.020 | -0.030 |
| Mother’s age (n=427) | 0.050 | -0.120* | -0.020 | 0.020 | 0.030 | 0.060 | -0.120* | -0.103* | -0.070 | -0.020 |
| Mother’s educational attainment (n=424) | 0.133† | -0.154† | -0.080 | 0.129† | 0.113* | 0.070 | -0.161† | -0.090 | -0.155† | -0.080 |
| Socioeconomic score (CCEB) (n=451) | 0.060 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 0.097* | 0.060 | 0.030 | 0.070 | < 0.001 | 0.040 | 0.010 |
| Child’s behavioral/emotional problems | ||||||||||
| Inattention (SNAP-IV) (n=451) | -0.138† | 0.263† | 0.246† | -0.090 | -0.148† | -0.129† | 0.248† | 0.223† | 0.150† | 0.246† |
| Hyperactivity/impulsivity (SNAP-IV) (n=451) | -0.104* | 0.348† | 0.223† | -0.109* | -0.115* | -0.057 | 0.336† | 0.263† | 0.257† | 0.223† |
| ADHD symptoms (SNAP-IV) (n=451) | -0.132† | 0.341† | 0.263† | -0.105* | -0.138† | -0.106* | 0.320† | 0.280† | 0.220† | 0.263† |
| ODD symptoms (SNAP-IV) (n=451) | -0.138† | 0.361† | 0.268† | -0.142† | -0.133† | -0.094* | 0.344† | 0.264† | 0.297† | 0.268† |
| Internalizing score (CBCL) (n=325) | -0.114* | 0.219† | 0.217† | -0.154† | -0.101 | -0.039 | 0.124* | 0.238† | 0.128* | 0.217† |
| Externalizing score (CBCL) (n=325) | -0.203† | 0.511† | 0.396† | -0.268† | -0.139* | -0.122* | 0.391† | 0.415† | 0.426† | 0.396† |
| Reliability | ||||||||||
| Internal consistency | 0.855 | 0.838 | 0.637 | 0.739 | 0.764 | 0.682 | 0.786 | 0.761 | 0.610 | 0.637 |
| Test-retest (95%CI) | 0.738 (0.221-0.912) | 0.872 (0.619-0.957) | 0.930 (0.792-0.977) | 0.761 (0.289-0.920) | 0.691 (0.080-0.896) | 0.834 (0.506-0.944) | 0.803 (0.413-0.934) | 0.853 (0.564-0.951) | 0.790 (0.520-0.870) | 0.930 (0.792-0.977) |
95%CI = 95% confidence interval; ADHD = attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CBCL = child behavior checklist; CCEB = Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder; PSDQ = Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire – Short Version; SNAP-IV = Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham – Version IV.
n varies due to missing data.
*
p < 0.05;
†
p < 0.01.