Table 3. DSH prevalence and associations with current youth/maternal psychopathology in the total sample.
| Current DSH (last month) | Lifetime DSH | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | Bivariate model OR (95%CI) | Multiple model 1 OR (95%CI) | Multiple model 2 OR (95%CI) | % | Bivariate model OR (95%CI) | Multiple model 1 OR (95%CI) | Multiple model 2 OR (95%CI) | |
| Youth psychiatric diagnoses (n=2,508) | ||||||||
| Anxiety disorder | 1.5 | 1.90 (0.61-5.89) | 1.79 (0.60-5.40) | 0.96 (0.19-4.76) | 3.0 | 1.93 (0.77-4.82) | 1.90 (0.73-4.91) | 1.41 (0.48-4.13) |
| Major depression | 12.7 | 25.75 (9.29-71.31)* | 25.89 (9.39-71.40)* | 16.30 (4.98-53.36)* | 14.4 | 12.26 (5.28-28.51)* | 15.53 (6.62-36.41)* | 9.03 (3.13-26.11)* |
| ADHD | 4.4 | 10.20 (4.52-23.03)* | 12.20 (5.70-26.11)* | 6.57 (3.11-13.89)* | 6.8 | 6.56 (3.42-12.59)* | 7.24 (3.64-14.40)* | 4.43 (2.12-9.24)* |
| Oppositional defiant | 6.2 | 11.85 (4.10-34.30)* | 14.39 (4.99-41.48)* | 4.89 (1.61-14.87)† | 7.8 | 6.30 (2.35-16.89)* | 6.91 (2.60-18.38)* | 2.97 (1.15-7.67)‡ |
| Conduct disorder | 5.2 | 7.16 (1.53-33.50)‡ | 8.76 (2.46-31.27)† | 1.06 (0.09-12.50) | 11.5 | 8.47 (2.84-25.28)* | 11.45 (4.00-32.78)* | 2.97 (0.56-15.76) |
| Any mental disorder | 3.2 | 19.57 (5.94 -64.52)* | 20.95 (6.40-68.57)* | - | 5.3 | 8.93 (4.30-18.54)* | 9.78 (4.50-21.27)* | - |
| Maternal psychiatric diagnoses (n=2,295) | ||||||||
| Anxiety | 2.3 | 5.13 (2.01-13.09)† | 4.95 (1.94-12.58)† | 3.08 (1.20-7.87)‡ | 4.0 | 3.72 (1.83-7.57)* | 3.88 (1.92-7.85)* | 2.89 (1.37-6.08)† |
| Any mood | 2.0 | 3.44 (1.68-7.06)† | 3.37 (1.64-6.93)† | 1.94 (0.98-3.86) | 3.4 | 2.62 (1.43-4.81)† | 2.96 (1.57-5.59)† | 1.72 (0.91-3.25) |
| Psychotic syndrome§ | 2.0 | 2.84 (0.73-11.01) | 2.77 (0.80-9.57) | 1.08 (0.28-4.23) | 2.4 | 1.50 (0.43-5.25) | 1.71 (0.52-5.61) | 0.74 (0.20-2.73) |
| Any mental disorder|| | 1.7 | 3.57 (1.40-9.11)† | 3.46 (1.39-8.62)‡ | - | 3.2 | 2.91 (1.43-5.91)† | 3.12 (1.53-6.36)† | - |
95%CI = 95% confidence interval; ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; DSH = deliberate self-harm; OR = odds ratio.
Multiple model 1, controlled for age, gender, socioeconomic status and race; Multiple model 2, controlled for age, gender, socioeconomic status, race and other diagnoses.
Anxiety disorder includes generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder and social anxiety. For children, any mental disorder includes disorders used in specific analysis and post-traumatic stress disorder, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, specific phobia, other depression, mania/bipolar disorder, other hyperactivity, psychosis or eating disorder. For mothers, any mental disorder encompasses any current anxiety, mood, substance abuse, psychotic or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders.
Psychotic syndrome data was missing in 11 cases, which were excluded from analysis using listwise deletion.
In eight subjects this variable couldn’t be computed because of missing psychotic syndrome (n=11) and ADHD (n=16) data.
p < 0.001;
p < 0.01;
p < 0.05.