Fig. 4.

(A) The intraarticular injection concept for Invossa, originally developed as a novel cell and gene therapy targeting knee OA, can be modified and repurposed for IVD regeneration. In this concept injection of primary NP cells or stem cells and irradiated GP2-293 overproduce a suitable growth factor, such as GDF6. This is the biological growth factor that is thought to promote the anabolic repair and regeneration of IVD. Alternatively GDF6 could be used with any other growth factor or combination of growth factors as the field of IVD regeneration progresses. (B) Phagocytosis and destruction of dead GP2-293 or their cellular debris by spine resident macrophages.