Table 3.
Association of GDF‐15 levels with all‐cause mortality in unselected treatment‐naïve cancer patients according to tumour site (n = 555)
| Crude HR | P‐value | Adj. HR | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cohort (n = 555) | 2.08 (1.77‐2.43) | <.001 | 1.78 (1.47‐2.16)a | <.001 |
| Breast cancer (n = 146) | 6.27 (3.26‐12.05) | <.001 | 5.47 (2.66‐11.24)b | <.001 |
| Lung cancer (n = 61) | 1.66 (1.17‐2.37) | .005 | 1.90 (1.30‐2.77)b | <.001 |
| Gastrointestinal cancer (n = 67) | 1.62 (1.17‐2.25) | .004 | 1.91 (1.33‐2.74)b | <.001 |
| Myelodysplastic neoplasia (n = 68) | 1.25 (0.71‐2.21) | .443 | 1.29 (0.73‐2.25)b | .381 |
| Myeloproliferative disease (n = 99) | 1.42 (0.53‐3.80) | .480 | 1.17 (0.35‐3.91)b | .802 |
HR refers to an increase per unit of ln(GDF‐15).
Fonts in bold indicate statistical significance (P < .05).
a
Adjusted for age, gender, kidney function (GFR), cardiac status, tumour entity and stage.
b
Adjusted for age and kidney function.