Table 2.

Final multivariate‐meta‐regression results of the epidemiological and mitigation factors influencing estimated mean annual BVDV production losses per animal

	Estimate coefficient	Standard error	Z‐value	p‐value	95% CI
Model 1: Epidemiological factors
Intercept	0.13	6.18	0.02	.9800	11.97/12.23
BVDV introduction risk[Link]	34.33	0.90	38.15	<.0001	32.57/36.10
BVDV initial prevalence[Link]	7.31	0.56	13.17	<.0001	6.22/8.40
BVDV viral circulation intensity[Link]	31.74	0.89	35.58	<.0001	29.99/33.49
BVDV circulation duration[Link]	4.30	0.14	30.59	<.0001	4.02/4.58
Introduction risk: initial prevalence	−10.49	1.01	−10.40	<.0001	−12.47/−8.51
Model 2: Mitigation factors
Intercept	0.44	0.08	5.16	<.0001	0.28/0.62
Vaccination[Link]	0.08	0.01	5.52	<.0001	0.05/0.11
Biosecurity[Link]	0.29	0.01	25.17	<.0001	0.27/0.32
Cattle introduction (No)	ref
1%–25% Introduction[Link]	−0.24	0.01	−18.69	<.0001	−0.27/−0.22
25%–100% Introduction[Link]	−0.25	0.01	−15.76	<.0001	−0.29/−0.23
100%–200% Introduction[Link]	−0.03	0.01	−2.08	.0300	−0.06/0.00
Model 3: Mitigation factors
Intercept	0.34	0.10	3.32	.0009	0.14/0.55
Vaccination[Link]	0.12	0.01	9.13	<.0001	0.10/0.15
Biosecurity[Link]	0.28	0.01	24.19	<.0001	0.26/0.31
Contact with neighbouring cattle herds[Link]	−0.18	0.00	−18.74	<.0001	−0.19/−0.16

For classes “moderate to high” compared to reference class “low.”

For class “yes” compared to reference class “no.”

% of cattle introduced in the herd compared to the total herd size of the farm.