Table 1.

Typical CMR fibrosis findings in common pathologies

	LGE	T1 mapping
Ischaemic cardiomyopathy	Subendocardial involvement Variable transmural extension Coronary artery territory distribution	Quantitative native T1 may perform similarly to LGE for detecting chronic infarction ECV and native T1 in non-infarcted myocardium appear to be elevated
DCM	Non-ischaemic distribution, often mid-wall/subepicardial	ECV and native T1 may be elevated
Aortic stenosis	Typically non-ischaemic mid-wall distribution May have subendocardial involvement	ECV, iECV and native T1 may be elevated Post-AVR findings vary depending on relative regression of cellular and extracellular constituents of myocardium.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	Patchy non-ischaemic distribution in regions of focal wall thickening, or at the right ventricular insertion points in the septum	ECV and native T1 may be elevated, even in patients without LGE
Myocarditis	At least one focal lesion in non-ischaemic distribution; often inferolateral and subepicardial Used in conjunction with T2 mapping and early gadolinium enhancement for oedema and hyperaemia	Native T1 may offer greater diagnostic accuracy in myocarditis than LGE and traditional Lake Louise criteria Not specific for acute vs chronic myocarditis
Cardiac amyloidosis	Diffuse myocardial uptake Difficult to null images —black blood pool rather than white	ECV and native T1 elevated and may quantify disease burden
Cardiac sarcoidosis	Non-specific appearances Multi-focal, non-ischaemic distribution is suggestive	Native T1 may discriminate sarcoidosis from healthy controls Regresses with anti-inflammatory therapy

AVR, aortic valve replacement; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; iECV, indexed extracellular volume; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement.