Table 4.
Prenatal Exposures (Nutrient intake, Short Chain n-3 PUFA intake, and Air Pollution (Black Carbon)) and Allergic Disease Outcomes in Early Teen
| Exposure Group | Prenatal Exposure (z-score) |
Current Asthma No=752 (85%), Yes=134 (15%) |
Current Allergic Rhinitis No=553 (78%), Yes=159(22%) |
Allergen Sensitization No=215(38%), Yes=357(62%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI)a,b | aOR (95% CI)a,c | aOR(95% CI)a | ||
| Hypothesized Antioxidants/Protective Nutrients | Alpha-linolenic | 0.80 (0.65 to 0.99) | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.17) | 0.78 (0.64 to 0.95) |
| Vitamin E | 1.05 (0.83 to 1.33) | 1.17 (0.91 to 1.50) | 1.00 (0.80 to 1.24) | |
| Vitamin C | 1.05 (0.82 to 1.34) | 1.10 (0.85 to 1.44) | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.35) | |
| Beta Carotene | 0.88 (0.71 to 1.09) | 0.86 (0.68 to 1.08) | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.35) | |
| Folate | 0.95 (0.71 to 1.27) | 0.86 (0.63 to 1.16) | 0.80 (0.60 to 1.05) | |
| Choline | 0.90 (0.71 to 1.14) | 1.06 (0.84 to 1.35) | 1.26 (1.01 to 1.56) | |
| Vitamin D | 0.97 (0.76 to 1.23) | 0.73 (0.57 to 0.93) | 0.85 (0.68 to 1.06) | |
| Hypothesized Pro-oxidants | Black Carbon | 0.99 (0.79 to 1.24) | 1.00 (0.80 to 1.24) | 1.34 (1.09 to 1.66) |
| Acetaminophen* | 1.30 (0.99 to 1.70) | 1.22 (0.93 to 1.60) | 0.89 (0.70 to 1.14) | |
| Maternal BMI | 1.09 (0.91 to 1.32) | 1.17 (0.97 to 1.42) | 1.13 (0.94 to 1.37) | |
| Smoking in Pregnancy** | 1.04 (0.53 to 2.05) | 1.32 (0.66 to 2.61) | 1.69 (0.89 to 3.24) | |
| Former Smoker** | 1.13 (0.69 to 1.84) | 1.65 (1.03 to 2.67) | 0.90 (0.58 to 1.41) |
*
Maternal acetaminophen intake (never, 1–9 times, 10 or more time in pregnancy)
**
Categorical variable; reference group never smoker
a
Model adjusted for sex, age at outcome, sine and cosine of date of birth, child’s race, and maternal education level
b
Additional adjustment for maternal and paternal asthma
c
Additional adjustment for maternal and paternal allergic rhinitis