Table 1.

ETC substrates and inhibitors used to isolate specific complexes

Complex	Substrates/inhibitors	Complex‐specific inhibitor
I	Pyruvate (10 mM)/malate (1 mM)	Rotenone (2 µM)
II	Succinate (10 mM)/rotenone (2 µM)	Antimycin A (2 µM)
III	Succinate (10 mM)/rotenone (2 µM)	Malonate (20 mM)
IV	Ascorbate (10 mM)/TMPD (100 µM)	Azide (20 µM)
V	Succinate (10 mM)	Oligomycin (2.5 µg/ml)