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. 2019 Nov 18;116(49):24446–24451. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1908857116

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Surface wave and flow visualization. (A) Honeybee’s locomotion on a water surface. The ventral side of the wings and body are attached to the water surface (Movies S1 and S2 and SI Appendix, Fig. S1). (B) Wave pattern visualized using shadowgraph. The light and dark fringes indicate the wave crests and troughs, respectively. Wing-beat frequency, 69 Hz (Scale bar, 1 cm.) (SI Appendix, Fig. S4 and Movie S3). (C) Surface streaming flow pattern generated by a horizontally tethered bee. (D) Water flow at 2.0 mm below the water surface generated by a constrained bee. Flow directions are schematically shown in the Bottom Left corner for C and D.