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. 2019 Nov 20;116(49):24668–24675. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1910991116

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Impact of exposure of P. sylvestris to sex pheromones of pine sawflies (D. pini) on sawfly egg survival rates. (A) Percentage (mean + SE) survival of D. pini eggs on untreated pine trees (n = 6), pine trees exposed to hexane (n = 8), and pine trees exposed to the pheromones (dissolved in hexane) (n = 8) for 24 h prior to egg deposition by 2 females per tree. Total number of eggs on untreated trees is 100% = 915 (mean number of eggs per tree ± SE: 152.5 ± 20.81), on hexane-treated trees is 100% = 1170 (mean ± SE: 146.3 ± 11.48), and on pheromone-treated trees is 100% = 858 (mean ± SE: 107.3 ± 11.76). Difference between numbers of eggs laid on the differently treated trees is not significant (n.s.) (ANOVA). Difference between numbers of laid eggs and hatched eggs within a treatment: **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 (paired t tests). Different letters in bars indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) in survival rates among treatments (ANOVA followed by multiple pairwise t tests and a Benjamini−Hochberg P value correction) (compare SI Appendix, Tables S2 and S3). (B) D. pini female on P. sylvestris. (C) Egg row of D. pini on a pine needle.