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. 2019 Nov 21;10:1386. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01386

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Copyright © 2019 Zhao, Chen, Hang, Li, Guo, Pan, Du, Zheng and Du

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of choline and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) on protein levels of p38MAPK and ERK1/2. (A) Effect of choline and 4-DAMP on p-p38 protein level in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced cardiac fibroblasts (CF). **p < 0.01 vs. Ctrl, ^## p < 0.01 vs. TGF-β1, ^&& p < 0.01 vs. choline, n = 5. (B) Effect of choline and 4-DAMP on p-ERK1/2 protein level in TGF-β1-induced CF. **p < 0.01 vs. Ctrl, ^## p < 0.01 vs. TGF-β1, n = 6. (C) Effects of choline and 4-DAMP on the protein level of p-p38 in transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mice hearts. *p < 0.05 vs. sham, ^# p < 0.05 vs. TAC, ^& p < 0.05 vs. choline, n = 5. (D) Effects of choline and 4-DAMP on the protein level of p-ERK in TAC mice hearts. *p < 0.05 vs. sham, ^# P< 0.05 vs. TAC, n = 4.