Table 2.
Association between beliefs on the success of HPV vaccine in preventing cervical cancer and characteristics of US female adults, Health Information National Trends, 2018*
| Characteristics | Do not know (vs successful) |
Not successful (vs successful) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | P | BFDP | aOR (95% CI) | P | BFDP | |||
| Age, y | ||||||||
| ≥65 | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| 18–34 | 0.61 (0.35 to 1.06) | .080 | 0.941 | 12.68 (2.23 to 72.20) | .005 | 0.768 | ||
| 35–49 | 1.22 (0.74 to 2.02) | .432 | 0.982 | 13.27 (3.07 to 57.46) | .001 | 0.454 | ||
| 50–64 | 0.91 (0.59 to 1.40) | .650 | 0.987 | 10.01 (3.05 to 32.89) | <.001 | 0.187 | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1.80 (1.16 to 2.79) | .010 | 0.754 | 1.23 (0.45 to 3.37) | .682 | 0.973 | ||
| Hispanic | 0.93 (0.49 to 1.75) | .807 | 0.982 | 0.59 (0.18 to 1.88) | .361 | 0.963 | ||
| Asian | 0.97 (0.28 to 3.31) | .953 | 0.971 | 1.12 ( 0.11 to 11.29) | .923 | 0.960 | ||
| Others | 1.24 (0.54 to 2.87) | .607 | 0.976 | 0.68 (0.06 to 7.86) | .750 | 0.959 | ||
| Born in United States | ||||||||
| Yes | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| No | 1.44 (0.67 to 3.09) | .347 | 0.971 | 1.51 (0.51 to 4.44) | .446 | 0.968 | ||
| Education | ||||||||
| College graduate/postgraduate | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| ≤12 years/completed high school | 2.05 (1.17 to 3.60) | .013 | 0.785 | 0.78 (0.26 to 2.34) | .653 | 0.971 | ||
| Post–high school or some college | 1.50 (0.96 to 2.35) | .076 | 0.947 | 2.02 (0.78 to 5.22) | .145 | 0.947 | ||
| Household income | ||||||||
| <$35 000 | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| $35 000–$49 999 | 1.28 (0.65 to 2.56) | .468 | 0.977 | 0.60 (0.19 to 1.90) | .380 | 0.964 | ||
| $50 000–$74 999 | 0.81 (0.48 to 1.37) | .423 | 0.981 | 1.13 (0.35 to 3.63) | .839 | 0.972 | ||
| ≥ $75 000 | 0.59 (0.37 to 0.93) | .024 | 0.873 | 0.52 (0.17 to 1.62) | .257 | 0.958 | ||
| Residence | ||||||||
| Urban | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| Median rural | 0.80 (0.42 to 1.53) | .488 | 0.978 | 0.84 (0.24 to 2.96) | .779 | 0.970 | ||
| Isolated rural | 1.01 (0.44 to 2.35) | .977 | 0.978 | 0.95 (0.15 to 5.90) | .958 | 0.964 | ||
| Health insurance | ||||||||
| No | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| Yes | 0.74 (0.23 to 2.40) | .612 | 0.970 | 0.40 (0.12 to 1.32) | .129 | 0.940 | ||
| Health-care professional recommended HPV shot? | ||||||||
| Yes | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| No | 1.82 (1.08 to 3.06) | .025 | 0.866 | 1.49 (0.40 to 5.50) | .545 | 0.966 | ||
| Don’t know | 4.19 (1.39 to 12.60) | .012 | 0.775 | 0.77 (0.10 to 5.74) | .798 | 0.962 | ||
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never smokers | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| Former smokers | 0.95 (0.65 to 1.37) | .760 | 0.989 | 1.49 (0.58 to 3.85) | .402 | 0.969 | ||
| Current smokers | 1.42 (0.82 to 2.48) | .209 | 0.969 | 0.49 (0.14 to 1.66) | .244 | 0.955 | ||
| Last Pap test | ||||||||
| Within the last 3 years | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| 3–5 years | 1.09 (0.68 to 1.73) | .727 | 0.986 | 1.49 (0.62 to 3.59) | .369 | 0.969 | ||
| Unknown or never | 0.82 (0.16 to 4.25) | .806 | 0.965 | 0.35 ( 0.03 to 4.39) | .412 | 0.954 | ||
| Depression | ||||||||
| No | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| Yes | 0.83 (0.56 to 1.23) | .347 | 0.983 | 0.79 (0.38 to 1.66) | .531 | 0.977 | ||
| Personal cancer history | ||||||||
| No | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| Yes | 1.18 (0.72 to 1.94) | .510 | 0.983 | 1.48 (0.55 to 3.95) | .427 | 0.969 | ||
| Family cancer history | ||||||||
| No | (Referent) | (Referent) | ||||||
| Yes | 0.99 (0.63 to 1.54) | .957 | 0.987 | 0.89 (0.39 to 2.05) | .778 | 0.978 | ||
| Not sure | 5.17 (1.48 to 18.21) | .012 | 0.788 | 0.48 (0.01 to 269.37) | .817 | 0.952 | ||
In the regression analysis, a “missing data” category for variables with missing data was included in the model. For reader’s convenience, the results of this “missing data” category are not displayed in this table. The following factors were adjusted for in the multinomial logistic regression analysis: age, race and/or ethnicity, place of birth, education, household income, residence, health insurance, health-care professional recommended HPV shot, smoking status, last Pap test, depression, personal cancer history, family cancer history. aOR = adjusted odds ratio; BFDP = Bayesian false-discovery probability; CI = confidence interval; HPV= human papillomavirus.