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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 9.
Published in final edited form as: J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2019 Sep 1;22(3):109–120.

Table 7:

Per Participant Net Benefits, Probability of Positive Net Benefits, and Benefit/Cost Ratios from Monte Carlo Simulation (10,000 trials)

Models* Net Benefits per Student in 1000s of Dollars and (SD) Fraction of Trials with Positive Net Benefits Ratio of Benefits to Costs*
Full Model: Includes all categories of costs and benefits (preferred educational impact) 51.9 (25.2) .99 7.2
Productivity with externalities: Includes only high school graduation benefit and incremental school costs (preferred educational impact) 39.1 (22.6) .97 5.8
Productivity without externalities: Includes only high school graduation benefit and incremental school costs (preferred educational impact) 25.9 (16.8) .96 4.2
Full Model: Includes all categories of costs and benefits (low educational impact) 38.3 (23.6) .96 5.6
Productivity with externalities: Includes only high school graduation benefit and incremental school costs (low educational impact) 25.5 (20.8) .91 4.1
Productivity without externalities: Includes only high school graduation benefit and incremental school costs (low educational impact) 16.1 (15.4) .86 3.0
*

Full Model: ratio of productivity, criminal justice, and health benefits to incremental school and parental costs

Reduced Model: ratio of productivity benefit to incremental school cost