Table 3. Sanitation and contextual effects on presence of hookworm infection among 4,104 school-attending children in coastal Kenya.
| Intercept-Only | Crude | Adjusted1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Effects | POR | (95% CI) | POR | (95% CI) | POR | (95% CI) | 80% IOR |
| Household sanitation access |
-- |
-- |
0.63 |
(0.51, 0.79) |
0.76 |
(0.61, 0.95) |
-- |
| School sanitation coverage (per 100) | |||||||
| 1.49–2.17 | -- | -- | 0.89 | (0.55, 1.42) | 0.79 | (0.51, 1.21) | (0.14, 4.52) |
| 2.18–3.13 | -- | -- | 0.86 | (0.54, 1.36) | 0.64 | (0.40, 0.98) | (0.11, 3.66) |
| > 3.13 | -- | -- | 0.58 | (0.35, 0.98) | 0.51 | (0.31, 0.83) | (0.09, 2.94) |
| Village sanitation coverage | |||||||
| 0.26–0.54 | -- | -- | 1.28 | (0.89, 1.86) | 1.40 | (0.96, 2.08) | (0.33, 6.06) |
| 0.54–0.81 | -- | -- | 1.52 | (1.01, 2.29) | 1.86 | (1.22, 2.86) | (0.43, 8.01) |
| > 0.81 | -- | -- | 1.21 | (0.75, 1.92) | 1.40 | (0.86, 2.34) | (0.33, 6.06) |
| Contextual Effects | |||||||
| School | |||||||
| Variance | 1.11 | (0.92, 1.31) | 1.12 | (0.93, 1.32) | 0.93 | (0.74, 1.14) | -- |
| MOR | 2.73 | (2.50, 2.98) | 2.74 | (2.51, 2.99) | 2.51 | (2.27, 2.77) | -- |
| VPC | 0.22 | (0.20, 0.24) | 0.22 | (0.20, 0.24) | 0.19 | (0.17, 0.21) | -- |
| Village | |||||||
| Variance | 0.60 | (0.34, 0.83) | 0.61 | (0.34, 0.85) | 0.65 | (0.41, 0.89) | -- |
| MOR | 2.09 | (1.74, 2.38) | 2.11 | (1.74, 2.41) | 2.16 | (1.84, 2.46) | -- |
| VPC | 0.12 | (0.07, 0.15) | 0.12 | (0.07, 0.16) | 0.13 | (0.09, 0.17) | -- |
POR = Prevalence Odds Ratio; CI = Credible Interval; MOR = Median Odds Ratio; IOR = Interval Odds Ratio; VPC = Variance Partition Coefficient
1Adjusted for age (centred at 9), being female, reported deworming in past year, observed shoe-wearing, household floor covered, village high soil sand content, village aridity index (scaled 100x), village urban/periurban/rural, school high soil sand content, school aridity index (scaled 100x), school urban/periurban/rural