Figure 3.

IRE1α dysregulation links metabolic ER stress to metabolic disorders. Under overnutrition-induced chronic ER stress, IRE1α can hypothetically undergo dysregulated activation arising from intrinsic alterations in its phosphorylation and/or other indicated modifications that may cause aberrant protein complex assembly. IRE1α's conversion from an adaptive activation state to a dysregulated form can result in maladaptive effector outputs, thereby exerting its disruptive actions upon metabolic homeostasis.