Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study participants consisting (n = 3,713 individuals).
| LS | Non-LS | Healthy controls | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| never smokers (n = 155) | ever smokers (n = 137) | p-value | never smokers(n = 230) | ever smokers (n = 225) | p-value | never smokers (n = 1349) | ever smokers (n = 1617) | |
| Sex (male/female) | 91/64 | 71/66 | 0.241 | 145/85 | 123/102 | 0.071 | 331/1018 | 446/1171 |
| Age (mean ± sd), years | 39.19 ± 8.75 | 36.41 ± 10.93 | 6.03e-07 | 45.50 ± 12.07 | 42.74 ± 12.77 | 5.00e-3 | 51.79 ± 11.87 | 53.89 ± 10.95 |
| HLA-DRB1*03 positive/negative | 102/53 | 97/40 | 0.381 | 30/187 | 48/162 | 0.011 | 316/1033 | 394/1223 |
| Chest X-ray stage | ||||||||
| 0/I/II/III/IV | 1/82/33/4/1 | 4/61/40/2/0 | — | 7/45/75/35/6 | 4/43/65/31/7 | — | — | — |
| Pulmonary Function (mean ± sd) | ||||||||
| VC | 97.80 ± 14.42 | 92.38 ± 12.62 | 0.002 | 91.60 ± 15.98 | 86.53 ± 16.62 | 0.058 | — | — |
| FVC | 98.85 ± 14.32 | 93.78 ± 11.76 | 0.013 | 91.98 ± 16.51 | 87.14 ± 16.87 | 0.065 | — | — |
| FEV1 | 96.35 ± 13.20 | 89.78 ± 14.79 | 0.001 | 87.29 ± 17.45 | 81.96 ± 18.05 | 0.136 | — | — |
| TLC | 94.24 ± 22.29 | 85.47 ± 28.25 | 0.001 | 86.46 ± 25.32 | 85.15 ± 22.29 | 0.222 | — | — |
| DLCO | 87.98 ± 21.37 | 82.02 ± 24.68 | 0.038 | 75.15 ± 28.95 | 72.53 ± 25.42 | 0.182 | — | — |
| BAL analysis (mean ± sd) | — | |||||||
| % Recovery | 66.28 ± 11.57 | 66.36 ± 12.77 | 0.674 | 64.88 ± 14.55 | 62.99 ± 14.78 | 0.118 | — | — |
| % Viability | 91.78 ± 7.79 | 91.42 ± 10.83 | 0.947 | 92.73 ± 4.72 | 90.32 ± 9.39 | 0.194 | — | — |
| Total cell number (*10e6) | 30.92 ± 22.98 | 33.17 ± 28.12 | 0.756 | 27.21 ± 15.91 | 34.22 ± 23.74 | 0.017 | — | — |
| Cell concentration (*10e6/L) | 180.50 ± 103 | 200.45 ± 147.61 | 0.432 | 179.66 ± 117.31 | 221.77 ± 163.46 | 0.023 | — | — |
| BAL differential counts (median ± sd) | — | |||||||
| % macrophages | 74 ± 13.04 | 76.2 ± 17.42 | 0.112 | 72.4 ± 17.04 | 76.90 ± 17.22 | 0.389 | — | — |
| % lymphocytes | 24 ± 13.22 | 20.6 ± 16.92 | 0.047 | 23.6 ± 16.34 | 21.4 ± 16.59 | 0.464 | — | — |
| % neutrophils | 1.2 ± 1.83 | 1.0 ± 2.33 | 0.968 | 0.8 ± 3.73 | 1.00 ± 3.48 | 0.632 | — | — |
| % eosinophils | 0.2 ± 0.51 | 0.2 ± 0.73 | 0.006 | 0.2 ± 0.83 | 0.2 ± 1.62 | 0.676 | — | — |
| % basophils | 0 ± 0.095 | 0 ± 0.092 | 0.391 | 0 ± 0.256 | 0 ± 0.245 | 0.165 | — | — |
| CD4/CD8 ratio | 8.25 ± 7.31 | 6.7 ± 7.22 | 0.076 | 4.3 ± 4.17 | 4.2 ± 6.15 | 0.86 | — | — |