Table 2.
Population-based volume kinetic parameter estimates, inter-individual variability, and median parameter values (2.5–97.5%) of the non-parametric bootstrap replicates of the final models for Ringer’s lactate solution, 5% dextrose water, 6% tetrastarch, and 10% pentastarch.
| Ringer’s lactate solution | 5% dextrose water | 6% tetrastarch | 10% pentastarch | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimates (RSE, %CV) | Median (2.5–97.5%) | Estimates (RSE, %CV) | Median (2.5–97.5) | Estimates (RSE, %CV) | Median (2.5–97.5%) | Estimates (RSE, %CV) | Median (2.5–97.5%) | |
| kr (L/min) | 0.081 (22.5, 23.9) | 0.078 (0.051–0.105) | 0.425 (10.7, 32.7) | 0.403 (0.268–0.511) | 0.098 (13.1, 42.9) | 0.097 (0.083–0.113) | 0.038 (10.0, 30.5) | 0.038 (0.033–0.043) |
| Vc0 (L) | 4.9 (20.4, 22.6) | 4.9 (2.9–6.1) | 4.7 (15.4, 70.9) | 3.7 (0.8–9.1) | 16.3 (8.3, 29.3) | 16.0 (14.3–17.7) | 11.3 (6.8, 24.1) | 11.2 (10.2–12.3) |
| Vt0 (L) | θ1 + θ2(ECW/16) 13.8 + 16.8(ECW/16) (θ1: 41.4, 27.9) (θ2: 29.3, 27.9) | θ1: 13.5 (4.2–42.9) θ2: 17.2 (0.01–25.9) | 5.4 (14.0, –) | 5.6 (3.9–8.2) | — | — | — | — |
| kt (L/min) | 0.617 (3.9, –) | 0.613 (0.554–0.653) | 0.568 (31.3, –) | 0.567 (0.161–0.960) | — | — | — | — |
| σ | 0.0013 | 0.0013 (0.0011–0.0016) | 0.0014 | 0.0014 (0.0012–0.0017) | 0.0020 | 0.0021 (0.0017–0.0028) | 0.0015 | 0.0015 (0.0012–0.0020) |
A log-normal distribution of inter-individual random variability was assumed. Residual random variability was modeled using an additive error model. Non-parametric bootstrap analysis was repeated 2000 times. RSE, relative standard error = SE/estimate × 100 (%). ECW: extracellular water measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy, kr: elimination clearance, Vc0: central volume of distribution at baseline, Vt0: peripheral volume of distribution at baseline, kt: distributional clearance between central and peripheral compartments.