Table 2.

Estimated component loading matrix generated by the regularized SCA method with cross-validation (CV) applied to the parent-child relationship data, obtained from Gu and Van Deun¹⁸.

	Component 1	Component 2	Component 3	Component 4	Component 5
Mother
Relationship with partners	0	0	11.92	0	0
Argue with partners	−5.53	0	5.88	0	0
Childs bright future	−8.83	0	0	0	0
Activities with children	−4.65	−9.02	0	0	0
Feeling about parenting	−9.02	0	0	0	0
Communation with children	−9.20	0	0	0	0
Argue with children	−8.78	0	0	0	0
Confidence about oneself	−6.66	0	7.26	0	0
Father
Relationship with partners	0	0	11.80	0	0
Argue with partners	0	0	5.26	0	−9.17
Childs bright future	−3.39	0	0	0	−5.76
Activities with children	0	−11.56	0	0	0
Feeling about parenting	−4.04	0	0	0	−6.94
Communation with children	0	−8.17	0	0	0
Argue with children	−4.98	0	0	0	−9.88
Confidence about oneself	0	0	5.60	0	−8.19
Child
Self confidence/esteem	−5.82	0	0	8.66	0
Academic performance	0	0	0	7.08	0
Social life and extracurricular	0	0	0	4.10	0
Importance of friendship	0	0	0	9.60	0
Self Image	0	0	0	10.36	0
Happiness	0	0	0	9.55	0
Confidence about the future	0	0	0	7.48	0

Note that we are interested in the associations among items within a component, and the associations are indicated by the signs of the loadings. Take Component 2 for example. The three non-zero loadings have the same sign (in this case “−” sign), meaning that mother’s “activities with children”, father’s “activities with children”, and father’s “communication with children” are positively associated with each other. Two loadings having opposite signs indicates a negative association between the two items. We remind the reader that, when interpreting the loadings and the associations among them, one should also take into account how the items are scored (see Table 1). For example, a higher score on “relationship with parters” indicates a more satisfied relationship. A higher score on “argue with partners” indicates a less violent relationship.