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. 2019 Dec 3;9:1342. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01342

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Copyright © 2019 Perut, Roncuzzi and Baldini.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Role of extracellular vesicles in the communication between osteosarcoma cells and the tumor microenvironment. Osteosarcoma cells interact with the surrounding cells through secretion and up-take of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs cargo consists of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. EVs have been found to play roles in a multitude of pathways involved in tumor growth, progression and metastatic process. EV-mediated crosstalk occurs through the trafficking of vesicle-associated components to endothelial cells, osteoclasts, T cells, muscle cells, cancer stem cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and osteosarcoma cells. OS-derived EVs influence angiogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, immunomodulation, drug resistance, epigenetics status, invasion, and migration processes. EVs derived from cells of OS microenvironment affect OS growth, migration, and invasion. Peculiar microenvironment tumor conditions (acidic pH, hypoxia and stress) affect EVs secretion and features.