. 2019 Jun 17;42(4):713–731. doi: 10.1007/s40614-019-00208-z

Table 1.

Critical Goals toward which Movements of Constructive Noncooperation Might Reasonably Be Explored and Tested

Goals	Social Movement Strategies (examples)
Broad expansion of restorative and transformative justice approaches in educational and justice settings	• Integration of circle and conferencing approaches as alternatives to school suspension and expulsion (Riestenberg, 2012) • Testing of innovative restorative approaches for intimate partner violence (Ross, 2006; Fulambarker, 2013) • Advocacy supporting integration of community-rounded restorative practices into campaigns to reduce incarceration (Project Nia, 2013)
Global expansion of youth activism for social justice and sustainable economic development	• Construction of networks of support for youth activism within multiple social sectors (e.g., religious institutions, nongovernmental organizations, local community organizations, local community organizations, businesses, media and others (Aspholm & Mattaini, 2017; Mattaini, 2013) • Construction of global electronic and in-person networks of youth activists (e.g., Saleem, 2018 and other AFSC publications) • Development of accessible educational programs for youth emphasizing social justice, consciousness-raising, and the dynamics of advocacy, civil resistance, and movement building (Atkinson, 2012)

Goals

Social Movement Strategies (examples)

Broad expansion of restorative and transformative justice approaches in educational and justice settings

• Integration of circle and conferencing approaches as alternatives to school suspension and expulsion (Riestenberg, 2012)

• Testing of innovative restorative approaches for intimate partner violence (Ross, 2006; Fulambarker, 2013)

• Advocacy supporting integration of community-rounded restorative practices into campaigns to reduce incarceration (Project Nia, 2013)

Global expansion of youth activism for social justice and sustainable economic development

• Construction of networks of support for youth activism within multiple social sectors (e.g., religious institutions, nongovernmental organizations, local community organizations, local community organizations, businesses, media and others (Aspholm & Mattaini, 2017; Mattaini, 2013)

• Construction of global electronic and in-person networks of youth activists (e.g., Saleem, 2018 and other AFSC publications)

• Development of accessible educational programs for youth emphasizing social justice, consciousness-raising, and the dynamics of advocacy, civil resistance, and movement building (Atkinson, 2012)