Table 1.

Infectivity, mortality and seroconversion in birds experimentally inoculated with or contact-exposed to TD16. Naïve mallards and chickens were inoculated via the choanal cleft with the indicated dose of A/Tufted duck/Denmark/11740/LWPL/2016 H5N8 (TD16). Contact birds were co-housed with directly inoculated birds.

Species	Inoculated birds							Contact exposed birds
	Virus dose (log₁₀ EID₅₀)	# infected birds/total^a	BID₅₀ (log₁₀ EID₅₀)^b	Mortality	MDT^c	BLD50 (log₁₀ EID₅₀)^d	Serology^e (range of antibody titers, log₂)	# infected birds/total^f	Mortality (dpe^g)	Serology^f (range of antibody titers, log₂)
Mallards	2	0/5		0/5	n.a.		0/5 (n.a.)	0/3	0/3	0/3
	4	5/5		4/5	5.8		1/1 (5)	3/3	0/3	3/3 (4)
	6	5/5	3.0	4/5	3.2	3.5	1/1 (5)	3/3	2/3 (3)	1/1 (4)
	6 (Pathogenesis)	9/9		8/9	3.8		1/1 (4)	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Chickens	2	0/5		0/5	n.a.		0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3
	4	0/5	5.0	0/5	n.a.		0/3	0/3	0/3	0/3
	6	5/5		5/5	2.2	5.0	n.a.	0/3	0/3	0/3
	6 (Pathogenesis)	9/10		9/10	2.0		0/1	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.

Number of infected birds/total number of inoculated birds as determined by qRRT-PCR and/or serology;

BID₅₀, mean 50% bird lethal dose;

Mean death time (MDT) = average number of days post-inoculation where death occurred;

BLD₅₀, mean 50% bird lethal dose;

Number of seropositive birds/total number of inoculated birds;

Number of infected birds as determined by qRT-PCR and/or serology divided by total number of inoculated birds;

days post-exposure; n.a.= not applicable.