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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: DNA Repair (Amst). 2019 Jun 17;84:102633. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.06.004

Figure 1.

Figure 1

RNase H and the Pif1 family helicases mediate R-loop metabolism. R-loops are formed during transcription when the nascent RNA hybridizes with the DNA template resulting in the displacement of the non-transcribed DNA strand. R-loop resolution can be accomplished by RNase H-mediated degradation of the hybrid RNA or by being unwound and displaced by a DNA helicase, such as a Pif1 family helicase. In the latter model, the displaced RNA can either be targeted for degradation via the exosome or it can continue to be processed into a functional non-coding RNA or protein.