Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of overweight and obese children (n = 57).
| Variable | All patients (n = 57) |
|---|---|
| Gender, male (%) | 34 (59.6) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| Malay | 37 (64.9) |
| Chinese | 7 (12.3) |
| Indian | 11 (19.3) |
| Others | 2 (3.5) |
| Age, years | 13 (11,15) |
| CAP score (dB/m) | 300 (263, 329) |
| Severity of steatosis, n (%) | |
| Normal | 13 (22.8) |
| Mild | 2 (3.5) |
| Moderate | 2 (3.5) |
| Severe | 40 (70.2) |
| LSM score (kPa) | 6.3 (3.9, 8.1) |
| Severity of fibrosis (overall), n (%) | |
| No significant fibrosis (F0–1) | 37 (64.9) |
| Mild (F2) | 10 (17.5) |
| Moderate (F3) | 5 (8.8) |
| Severe (F4) | 5 (8.8) |
| Severity of fibrosis (among patients with steatosis), n (%) | |
| No significant fibrosis (F0–1) | 26 (59.1) |
| Mild (F2) | 10 (22.7) |
| Moderate (F3) | 4 (9.1) |
| Severe (F4) | 4 (9.1) |
| Severity of fibrosis (among patients with metabolic syndrome), n (%) | |
| No significant fibrosis (F0–1) | 11 (47.8) |
| Mild (F2) | 7 (30.4) |
| Moderate (F3) | 3 (13.0) |
| Severe (F4) | 2 (8.7) |
| ALT (UL−1) | 28.0 (18.0, 55.5) |
| AST (UL−1) | 26.0 (19.0, 35.0) |
| GGT (UL−1) | 24.0 (17.0, 44.0) |
| Platelet (109 L−1) | 344 (270, 381) |
| Diabetes Mellitus (DM), n (%) | 18 (31.6) |
| Fasting blood sugar (FBS) (mmol L−1) | 4.8 (4.6, 5.4) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 (5.3, 6.0) |
| Fasting serum insulin (mU/L) | 24.2 (17.7, 35.4) |
| HOMA-IR | 5.0 (3.6, 8.3) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 5 (8.8) |
| Blood pressure | |
| Systolic (mmHg) | 118 (114, 125) |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 66 (62,73) |
| Triglyceride (TG) (mmol L−1) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.1) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol L−1) | 4.6 (3.9, 5.0) |
| HDL-C (mmol L−1) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.20) |
| LDL-C (mmol L−1) | 2.78 (2.32, 3.14) |
| TG: HDL-C ratio | 1.3 (0.9, 2.1) |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 29.8 (27.1, 33.2) |
| BMI category, n (%) | |
| Normal | 1 (1.8) |
| Overweight | 6 (10.5) |
| Obese | 23 (40.4) |
| Morbid obese | 27 (47.4) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92.0 (84.5, 101.3) |
| Male | 97.0 (86.6, 107.1) |
| Female | 88.0 (79.0, 92.5) |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 23 (40.4) |
All data are expressed as median (interquartile range) unless specified. CAP, controlled attenuation parameter; LSM, liver stiffness measurement; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG:HDL-C ratio, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; BMI, body mass index.