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. 2019 Nov 26;13:1256. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01256

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Neuroprotective properties of azithromycin in rats subjected to 2 h MCAo followed by 22 h of reperfusion. (A) Intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of azithromycin (AZM, 0.15–150 mg/kg) upon reperfusion results in a dose-dependent (ED50 = 1.40 mg/kg; 95% CI = 0.48–4.03) reduction of ischemic brain damage measured after 22 h of reperfusion (n = 4–6 animals per experimental group). (B) Representative TTC-stained coronal brain sections and (C) corresponding values of ischemic areas in rats subjected to transient MCAo and injected i.p. with vehicle (0.9% NaCl) or AZM (150 mg/kg) upon reperfusion (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 vs. corresponding vehicle, ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Bonferroni post-test). (D) Representative immunofluorescence images of the ischemic frontoparietal cortex (upper set of panels) and striatum (lower set of panels) of rats injected with vehicle (0.9% NaCl) or AZM (150 mg/kg) i.p. upon reperfusion. Brain tissue slices were stained for Iba1 (to label microglia/macrophages) or CD11b (to label microglia/macrophages and neutrophils) and arginase 1 (ARG) or Ym1 (markers of the M2 phenotype), whereas, nuclei were counterstained with DAPI.