Table 3.
Baseline and interventional differences of patients with futile and non-futile reperfusion
| Futile recanalization (n=70) | Non-futile recanalization (n=79) | P value | |
| Clinical items | |||
| Age (years) | 74 (63–81), N=70 | 67 (57–79), N=79 | 0.025 |
| Transfer from another hospital | 34/70 (48.6%) | 37/79 (46.8%) | 0.870 |
| Sex (female) | 34/70 (48.6%) | 30/79 (38.0%) | 0.246 |
| NIHSS score on admission | 21 (12–36), N=65 | 12 (6–23), N=75 | 0.002 |
| Prestroke independence | 60/70 (85.7%) | 75/79 (94.9%) | 0.089 |
| Blood pressure systolic (mm Hg) | 154 (SD 32), N=41 | 144 (SD 28), N=39 | 0.170 |
| Blood pressure diastolic (mm Hg) | 78 (SD 17), N=41 | 78 (SD 15), N=39 | 0.840 |
| Admission glucose (mmol/L) | 7.6 (6.3–9.3), N=45 | 7.4 (6.4–9.8), N=41 | 0.959 |
| Noticed symptom onset | 50/70 (71.4%) | 62/79 (78.5%) | 0.347 |
| Wake up | 7/70 (10.0%) | 5/77 (6.5%) | 0.551 |
| In-hospital stroke | 2/70 (2.9%) | 0/79 | 0.219 |
| Medication | 0.417 | ||
| Antiplatelet | |||
| Monotherapy | 17/67 (25.4%) | 14/75 (18.7%) | |
| Dual therapy | 0/67 | 0/75 | |
| Statin | 15/63 (23.8%) | 12/69 (17.4%) | 0.394 |
| Anticoagulation | 0.401 | ||
| None | 63/67 (94.0%) | 69/75 (92.0%) | |
| VKA | 4/67 (6.0%) | 4/75 (5.3%) | |
| NOAC | 0/67 | 2/75 (2.7%) | |
| Risk factors | |||
| Diabetes | 10/69 (14.5%) | 9/79 (11.4%) | 0.628 |
| Arterial hypertension | 36/69 (52.2%) | 40/79 (50.6%) | 0.870 |
| Dyslipidemia | 26/67 (38.8%) | 26/79 (32.9%) | 0.491 |
| Smoking | 16/65 (24.6%) | 25/74 (33.8%) | 0.267 |
| Previous stroke | 8/67 (11.9%) | 8/79 (10.1%) | 0.794 |
| Coronary artery disease | 11/35 (31.4%) | 4/40 (10.0%) | 0.040 |
| TOAST etiology |
0.286 | ||
| Large artery | 13/69 (18.8%) | 21/79 (26.6%) | |
| Cardioembolic | 27/69 (39.1%) | 33/79 (41.8%) | |
| Other specific etiology | 4/69 (5.8%) | 7/79 (8.9%) | |
| Unknown etiology | 25/69 (36.2%) | 18/79 (22.8%) | |
| Type of imaging | 1.000 | ||
| MRI | 16/70 (22.9%) | 19/79 (24.1%) | |
| CT | 54/70 (77.1%) | 60/79 (75.9%) | |
| pcASPECTS | 7 (5–9), N=25 | 8 (7–9), N=24 | 0.076 |
| Treatment | |||
| IVT use | 29/70 (41.4%) | 33/79 (41.8%) | 1.000 |
| Time from onset of symptoms to IVT needle (min) | 165 (117–225), N=21/29 | 178 (109–228), N=16/33 | 0.914 |
| Time from onset of symptoms to admission (min) | 240 (122–446), N=55 | 222 (112–335), N=67 | 0.231 |
| Time from onset of symptoms to groin puncture (min) | 305 (211–539), N=55 | 300 (200–450), N=67 | 0.365 |
| Time groin to recanalization (min) | 47 (34–86), N=67 | 41 (28–68), N=76 | 0.096 |
| General anesthesia | 61/70 (87.1%) | 68/77 (88.3%) | 1.000 |
| Additional intra-arterial thrombolytic agents | 11/70 (15.7%) | 4/76 (5.3%) | 0.055 |
| Balloon-guiding catheter | 2/70 (2.9%) | 7/76 (9.2%) | 0.169 |
| Intracranial stent | 17/70 (24.3%) | 7/79 (8.9%) | 0.014 |
| Extracranial stent | 3/70 (4.3%) | 8/79 (10.1%) | 0.219 |
| Any interventional complication | 7/70 (10.0%) | 6/79 (7.6%) | 0.773 |
| Maneuver | 1 (1–2), N=45 | 1 (1–2), N=50 | 0.016* |
| sICH ECASS II | 2/70 (2.9%) | 2/79 (2.5%) | 1.000 |
*Maneuver count higher in futile recanalization.
IVT, intravenous thrombolysis; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NOAC, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; pcASPECTS, posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; sICH, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II definition; TOAST, Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; VKA, vitamin K antagonist. Difference in numbers of observations and total numbers of patients in each group due to missing data items.