FIGURE 3.

Cardiac health affects exosome biology. (A) Exosomes from the healthy heart are enriched with cardioprotective molecules that promote angiogenesis, inhibit fibrosis, and inhibit cardiomyocyte cell death. (B) Exosomes from the stressed heart release exosomes enriched with molecules that cause cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myofibroblast differentiation, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte cell death. (C) The stressed heart also releases exosomes that activate compensatory pathways to promote cardiac health.