TABLE 1.

Common techniques and tools for understanding the biology of exosomes.

Process	Tools
Exosome biogenesis inhibition	GW4869, Manumycin A, Tipifarnib, Netoconizole, Ketoconozole, Climbazole, Dimethyl amiloride
Exosome uptake inhibition	Heparan, Cyclochalasin, Wortmannin, Cannabidiol
Genetic tools to label extracellular vesicle membranes	EGFP and dTomato tagged to N termini of palmitoylation signal
Genetic tools to label extracellular vesicle mRNA	Palm dTomato tagging to MS2 RNA sequences (bacteriophage MS2 coat protein)
Exosome RNA labeling	Syto RNA select
Endogenous labeling	NIR_AZA1 (BF2- azadipurromethene), DiR, DiD, Rlucm, 1,1’-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-Tetramethylindotricarbocyanine Iodide, PKH, cy7
Bioluminescence labeling	firefly luciferase, D-luciferin, Renilla luciferase, gaussia luciferase
Visualization	Electron microscopy, internal reflection fluorescent microscopy, single molecule localization microscope
Nanoparticle analysis and characterization	Nanosight, dynamic light scattering