Table 3. Crude and Adjusted Prevalence of IFG, IGT, Increased HbA1c, and Prediabetes in US Adolescents Aged 12 to 18 Years by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and BMI Statusa.
| Characteristic | % (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolated | All | ||||||
| IFG | IGT | Increased HbA1c Level | IFG | IGT | Increased HbA1c Level | Prediabetes | |
| Unadjusted | |||||||
| All youth aged 12-18 y | 9.2 (7.8-10.8) | 2.8 (2.0-3.8) | 3.7 (3.0-4.7) | 11.1 (9.5-13.0) | 4.0 (3.1-5.2) | 5.3 (4.4-6.5) | 18.0 (16.0-20.1) |
| Adjusted by Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and BMIb | |||||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 12.9 (10.8-15.4) | 2.4 (1.4-4.1) | 4.5 (3.5-5.9) | 15.2 (13.0-17.8) | 3.5 (2.4-5.2) | 6.6 (5.3-8.1) | 22.5 (19.8-25.4) |
| Female | 5.4 (4.0-7.1) | 3.1 (1.9-4.9) | 2.9 (2.0-4.2) | 7.0 (5.1-9.4) | 4.5 (3.0-6.6) | 4.0 (2.8-5.6) | 13.4 (10.8-16.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic | |||||||
| White | 9.7 (7.7-12.2) | 3.4 (2.2-5.1) | 1.7 (0.9-3.2) | 10.7 (8.3-13.6) | 4.3 (2.9-6.2) | 1.9 (1.0-3.4) | 15.8 (12.9-19.1) |
| Black | 4.7 (3.2-7.0) | 0.8 (0.3-1.8) | 13.0 (10.4-16.1) | 7.8 (5.5-11.0) | 2.6 (1.6-4.3) | 16.7 (13.1-21.1) | 22.7 (19.0-26.8) |
| Hispanic | 12.5 (10.1-15.4) | 2.3 (1.4-3.5) | 3.2 (2.0-5.2) | 16.5 (13.5-19.9) | 4.2 (2.9-6.2) | 6.8 (4.7-9.9) | 22.5 (19.0-26.3) |
| BMIc | |||||||
| Normal or underweight | 8.2 (6.6-10.2) | 2.8 (1.9-4.1) | 3.8 (2.9-4.9) | 9.6 (7.7-12.0) | 3.7 (2.6-5.2) | 4.8 (3.7-6.2) | 16.4 (14.3-18.7) |
| Overweight | 10.6 (6.8-16.2) | 1.5 (0.7-3.4) | 2.8 (1.6-4.7) | 12.4 (8.4-17.8) | 2.4 (1.2-5.0) | 4.2 (2.6-6.5) | 16.6 (12.7-21.5) |
| Obesity | 12.3 (8.5-17.5) | 3.6 (1.7-7.4) | 4.2 (2.3-7.5) | 16.8 (12.3-22.4) | 6.6 (4.1-10.6) | 8 (5.7-11.1) | 25.7 (20.0-32.4) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance.
Impaired fasting glucose is defined as a blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL to less than 126 mg/dL (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555). Impaired glucose tolerance is defined as 2-hour plasma glucose level of 140 mg/dL to less than 200 mg/dL after oral glucose tolerance test. Increased glycated HbA1c is defined as 5.7% to less than 6.5% (to convert to proportion of total hemoglobin, multiply by 0.01). Prediabetes is defined as having any of IFG, IGT, or increased HbA1c level.
Predictive margins were obtained from logistic regression.
Normal or underweight was defined as BMI less than 85th percentile, overweight as 85th percentile to less than 95th percentile, and obesity as BMI of 95th percentile or higher.