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. 2019 Sep;57(3):293–304. doi: 10.17113/ftb.57.03.19.6023

Table 1. Recent studies on d-lactic acid production from renewable feedstocks using wild-type and engineered strains.

    Strain     Substrate     Nitrogen source/other nutrients     Fermentation mode     γ(d-lactic acid)/(g/L)     Optical purity/%     Y(d-lactic acid)/(g/g)     rP(d-lactic acid)/(g/(L·h))     Byproduct     Reference
    Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. delbrueckii NBRC 3202     Millet bran hydrolysate     –     Batch, shake flasks     25.38     97.79     1.15*     0.26     n.m.      (17)
    Metabolically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum     Hardwood pulp by mechanical milling     –     Batch     102.3     99.2     0.88     2.29     –      (18)
    Metabolically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum with initial acid adaptation     Brown rice     –     Batch     117.1     99.6     0.93     0.81     –      (19)
    Sporolactobacillus inulinus NBRC 13595     Borassus flabellifer sugars     Whey protein hydrolysate     Batch     189     –     –     5.25     –      (20)
    L. delbrueckii sp. bulgaricus     Corn stover hydrolysate     MRS solution     Batch     18     99     –     0.41     n.m.      (21)
    Sporolactobacillus inulinus YBS1-5     Corncob residue hydrolysates     Cottonseed meal hydrolysate     Fed-batch     107.2     99.2     0.85     1.19     n.m.      (22)
    Recombinant L. plantarum NCIM B 8826 ΔldhL1-pLEM-xylAB     Corn stover hydrolysates     Soybean meal hydrolysate     Fed-batch     61.4     99     0.77     0.32     Acetic acid      (13)
    Sporolactobacillus inulinus YBS1-5     Corn stover hydrolysates     Yeast extract, corn steep liquor     Batch     70.7     –     0.82     0.65     –      (23)
    Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens     Pulp mill residue     MRS medium without glucose     Batch     57     99.1     0.97     2.8     Acetic acid      (24)
    L. brevis ATCC 367 and L. plantarum ATCC 21028     Poplar hydrolysate     MRS without glucose     Batch (sequential cofermentation)     31.8     50     0.80     0.48     Acetic acid      (25)
    L. brevis ATCC 367 and L. plantarum ATCC 21028     Alkali-pretreated corn stover     MRS without glucose     Batcha (sequential cofermentation)     31.2     43.2     0.78     0.43     Acetic acid      (25)
    Mixed culture of L. rhamnosus
and L. brevis 		    Corn stover     –     Batcha     20.95     –     0.70     0.58     Acetic acid      (26)
    L. delbrueckii ssp. lactis ATCC 4797     Casein whey permeate (~50 g/L lactose)     Casein hydrolysate     Batch     24.3     98.2     0.49     0.61     n.m.      (27)
    Engineered Pediococcus acidilactici
(Idh gene disruption)		     Corn stover hydrolysate     MRS without glucose     Batcha     77.78     99.32     0.58     1.02     n.m.      (28)
    Sporolactobacillus inulinus Y2-8     Corn flour hydrolysate     Yeast extract     Batchb     145.8     >99     0.97     1.62     –      (29)
    L. bulgaricus GCMCC 1.6970     Chicory-derived inulin     MRS without glucose     Batcha     123.6     >99.9     0.98     1.72     –      (30)
    S. nakayamae     Commercial sucrose     Peanut flour     Batch     112.93     98.8     0.98     1.57     –      (31)
    L. bulgaricus CGMCC 1.6970     Whey     Whey enzymatic hydrolysate and yeast extract     Fed-batch     113.18     –     –     2.36     –      (32)
    L. coryniformis ATCC 25600     Waste Curcuma longa     Soybean meal     Batcha     91.67     99.5     0.65     2.08     –      (33)
    L. delbrueckii ssp. delbrueckii     Waste orange peels     Corn steep liquor     Batch     –     >95     0.88     2.35      (34)

aSimultaneous saccharification and fermentation, bcells were immobilized in fibrous bed bioreactor, n.m.=not mentioned