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Plasma TNF-a (A) and IL-6 (B) levels. The serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were tested before anesthesia (T0) and at 30 min (T8) and 6 h after tourniquet release (T9). Sham – control (ischemia-reperfusion, I/R) group; Dex – dexmedetomidine group; Oxy – oxycodone group. Data are expressed as mean±SD. + P<0.05 vs. T0; * P<0.05 vs. sham; # P<0.05 vs. Dex.
