Table 3.
Comparison of clinical characteristics of CKD and non-CKD patients between genders
| Variable | Females | Males | p value of female vs male CKD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-CKD (n = 113) | CKD (n = 35) | p value | non-CKD (n = 349) | CKD (n = 119) | p value | ||
| Age, years | 43.0 ± 13.3 | 46.5 ± 13.7 | 0.18 | 41.1 ± 13.9 | 41.3 ± 15.7 | 0.89 | 0.08 |
| Age at AS onset, years | 31.7 ± 14.1 | 35.8 ± 11.4 | 0.13 | 27.7 ± 13.3 | 28.0 ± 12.5 | 0.86 | < 0.01 |
| Duration of AS, years | 10.0 (5.0, 16.0) | 6.0 (3.0, 18.0) | 0.64 | 12.0 (6.0, 20.0) | 10.0 (5,0, 19.0) | 0.20 | 0.39 |
| Peripheral arthritis, n (%) | 47 (41.6) | 14 (40.0) | 1.00 | 181 (51.9) | 58 (48.7) | 0.60 | 0.44 |
| Hyperuricemia, n (%) | 5 (4.4) | 7 (20.0) | 0.01 | 63 (18.1) | 44 (37.0) | < 0.01 | 0.07 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 19 (16.8) | 6 (17.1) | 1.00 | 68 (19.5) | 45 (37.8) | < 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 8 (7.1) | 2 (5.7) | 1.00 | 29 (8.3) | 14 (11.8) | 0.27 | 0.53 |
| Kidney stone, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 14 (4.0) | 10 (8.4) | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| HLA-B27 positivity, n (%) | 88 (77.9) | 27 (77.1) | 0.93 | 310 (88.8) | 114 (95.8) | 0.02 | < 0.01 |
| Medication use | |||||||
| NSAIDs, n (%) | 61 (54.0) | 15 (42.9) | 0.33 | 190 (54.4) | 57 (47.9) | 0.34 | 0.70 |
| DMARDs, n (%) | 50 (44.2) | 18 (51.4) | 0.56 | 154 (44.1) | 48 (40.3) | 0.52 | 0.25 |
| Anti-TNF-α, n (%) | 10 (8.8) | 5 (14.3) | 0.35 | 45 (12.9) | 12 (10.1) | 0.52 | 0.54 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 111.4 ± 15.2 | 100.8 ± 25.7 | 0.03 | 111.7 ± 16.0 | 89.8 ± 32.8 | < 0.01 | 0.04 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 53.0 (47.0, 59.0) | 56.0 (46.0, 67.0) | 0.12 | 69.0 (62.0, 75.0) | 80 (70.0, 123.0) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Albumin, g/L | 41.1 ± 4.8 | 39.2 ± 6.6 | 0.11 | 40.7 ± 5.0 | 37.3 ± 7.1 | < 0.01 | 0.16 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 1.1 | 0.04 | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 2.0 | 0.04 | 0.55 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.3 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.4 (0.8, 1.4) | 0.17 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.5 (0.8, 1.8) | < 0.01 | 0.37 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 6.1 (1.9, 19.9) | 8.6 (1.8, 38.9) | 0.29 | 12.5 (4.0, 32.0) | 12.6 (3.2, 26.8) | 0.36 | 0.67 |
| ESR, mm/h | 23.0 (18.0, 32.0) | 28.0 (19.0, 37.0) | 0.10 | 17.0 (11.0, 31.0) | 23.0 (14.0, 44.0) | < 0.01 | 0.31 |
Abbreviations: AS ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27 human leukocyte antigen B27, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, DMARDs disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, TNF tumor necrosis factor, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CRP c-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate