Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the total study population and stratified by psychiatric and rehabilitation group
| Variables | Total sample (n = 286) | Psychiatric group (n = 169) | Rehabilitation group (n = 117) | Statisticsa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||||
| Sex, % (n) | ||||
| Female | 46.5 (133) | 45.6 (77) | 47.9 (56) | n. s. |
| Male | 53.5 (153) | 54.4 (92) | 52.1 (61) | |
| Ageb (years), mean ± SD (n) | 47.7 ± 8.6 (286) | 46.4 ± 8.7 (169) | 49.7 ± 8.2 (117) | t (284) = −3.25, p < .01 |
| ≤ 39 years, % (n) | 18.5 (53) | 22.5 (38) | 12.8 (15) | Χ2 (2, n = 286) = 14.95, p < .01, V = .229 |
| 40–49 years, % (n) | 29.4 (84) | 34.9 (59) | 21.4 (25) | |
| ≥ 50 years, % (n) | 52.1 (149) | 42.6 (72) | 65.8 (77) | |
| Highest educational/ vocational qualificationb, % (n) | ||||
| Qualification from a company/ school-based vocational training | 48.3 (138) | 45.0 (76) | 53.0 (62) | n. s. |
| Qualification from a technical college/ vocational academy | 18.5 (53) | 16.6 (28) | 21.4 (25) | |
| (Applied) University degree | 30.1 (86) | 34.9 (59) | 23.1 (27) | |
| Other/ no vocational qualification | 3.1 (9) | 3.6 (6) | 2.6 (3) | |
| Partnership, % (n) | ||||
| No | 29.5 (84) | 30.2 (51) | 28.4 (33) | n. s. |
| Yes | 70.5 (201) | 69.8 (118) | 71.6 (83) | |
| └ Living Together, % (n) | 89.6 (180) | 91.5 (108) | 86.7 (72) | |
| Work-related | ||||
| Weekly working time, % (n) | ||||
| Full-time (≥ 35 h) | 79.4 (227) | 82.2 (139) | 75.2 (88) | n. s. |
| Part-time (15–34 h) | 20.6 (59) | 17.8 (30) | 24.8 (29) | |
| Working time modelb, % (n) | ||||
| Fixed working hours | 25.5 (73) | 21.3 (36) | 31.6 (37) | Χ2 (2, n = 286) = 22.56, p < .001, V = .281 |
| Flexible working hours | 50.7 (145) | 62.1 (105) | 34.2 (40) | |
| Shift work | 23.8 (68) | 16.6 (28) | 34.2 (40) | |
| Mainly sedentary work, % (n) | ||||
| No | 34.3 (98) | 29.6 (50) | 41.0 (48) | Χ2 (1, n = 277) = 4.07, p < .05, phi = .129 |
| Yes | 62.6 (179) | 68.0 (115) | 54.7 (64) | |
| No answer | 3.1 (9) | 2.4 (4) | 4.3 (5) | |
| Managerial function, % (n) | ||||
| No | 80.1 (229) | 79.3 (134) | 81.2 (95) | n. s. |
| Yes | 19.9 (57) | 20.7 (35) | 18.8 (22) | |
| Enterprise sector, % (n) | ||||
| Private | 69.6 (199) | 72.8 (123) | 65.0 (76) | n. s. |
| Public | 30.4 (87) | 27.2 (46) | 35.0 (41) | |
| Company size, % (n) | ||||
| 1–50 employees | 13.6 (39) | 10.7 (18) | 17.9 (21) | n. s. |
| 51–250 employees | 16.8 (48) | 14.8 (25) | 19.7 (23) | |
| > 250 employees | 69.6 (199) | 74.6 (126) | 62.4 (73) | |
| RTW-related | ||||
| RTW expectationsb, % (n) | ||||
| ≤ 3 months | 83.9 (240) | 78.1 (132) | 92.3 (108) | Χ2 (2, n = 286) = 10.33, p < .01, V = .190 |
| > 3 months | 9.1 (26) | 12.4 (21) | 4.3 (5) | |
| No return to former workplace | 7.0 (20) | 9.5 (16) | 3.4 (4) | |
| RTW-SE (1–6), mean ± SD (n) | 4.23 ± 1.08 (280) | 3.99 ± 1.08 (165) | 4.59 ± .99 (115) | t (278) = −4.81, p < .001 |
| Work ability (0–10), mean ± SD (n) | 5.27 ± 2.16 (286) | 4.70 ± 2.08 (169) | 6.10 ± 2.01 (117) | t (284) = −5.69, p < .001 |
| Health-related | ||||
| First diagnosisb, % (n) | ||||
| Depression or anxiety disorder | 85.3 (244) | 100 (169) | 64.1 (75) | Χ2 (1, n = 286) = 68.27, p < .001, phi = −.499 |
| Adjustment disorder | 14.7 (42) | 0 | 35.9 (42) | |
| Recurrence of disorder, % (n) | ||||
| No | 64.0 (183) | 72.2 (122) | 52.1 (61) | Χ2 (1, n = 286) = 11.21, p < .01, phi = .205 |
| Yes | 36.0 (103) | 27.8 (47) | 47.9 (56) | |
| Work-relatedness of disorderb, % (n) | ||||
| Not at all – moderately | 33.2 (95) | 29.6 (50) | 38.5 (45) | n. s. |
| Very – extremely | 66.4 (190) | 70.4 (119) | 60.7 (71) | |
| No answer | 0.3 (1) | 0 | 0.9 (1) | |
| SA last 12 monthsb (weeks), mean ± SD (n) | 9.96 ± 7.94 (286) | 10.86 ± 7.87 (169) | 8.65 ± 7.89 (117) | t (284) = 2.33, p < .05 |
| ≤ 6 weeks/12 months, % (n) | 44.8 (128) | 37.3 (63) | 55.6 (65) | Χ2 (1, n = 286) = 8.62, p < .01, phi = −.181 |
| > 6 weeks/12 months, % (n) | 55.2 (158) | 62.7 (106) | 44.4 (52) | |
| Self-rated healthb, % (n) | ||||
| Good | 75.9 (217) | 71.6 (121) | 82.1 (96) | Χ2 (1, n = 286) = 3.58, p < .05, phi = .120 |
| Poor | 24.1 (69) | 28.4 (48) | 17.9 (21) | |
| Functional ability (1–5), mean ± SD (n) | ||||
| Managing | 2.31 ± .79 (249) | 2.45 ± .78 (154) | 2.08 ± .77 (95) | t (247) = 3.66, p < .001 |
| Cooperation/Communication | 1.89 ± .75 (281) | 2.04 ± .79 (166) | 1.69 ± .64 (115) | t (273) = 4.13, p < .001 |
| Depressive symptoms (0–24), mean ± SD (n) | 7.79 ± 4.58 (282) | 8.31 ± 4.54 (167) | 7.03 ± 4.56 (115) | t (280) = 2.33, p < .05 |
| Regular physical activity, % (n) | ||||
| < 2.5 h/week | 65.4 (187) | 64.5 (109) | 66.7 (78) | n. s. |
| ≥ 2.5 h/week | 34.3 (98) | 34.9 (59) | 33.3 (39) | |
| No answer | 0.3 (1) | 0.6 (1) | 0 | |
| Smoking behaviour, % (n) | ||||
| Current smoker (daily/occasional) | 30.1 (86) | 29.6 (50) | 30.8 (36) | n. s. |
| Ex-smoker | 36.7 (105) | 39.1 (66) | 33.3 (39) | |
| Non-smoker | 33.2 (95) | 31.4 (53) | 35.9 (42) | |
| Alcohol consumptionb, % (n) | ||||
| Never or once/month | 35.0 (100) | 37.3 (63) | 31.6 (37) | Χ2 (2, n = 286) = 11.45, p < .01, V = .200 |
| 2–4 times/month | 42.0 (120) | 34.3 (58) | 53.0 (62) | |
| ≥ 2 times/week | 23.1 (66) | 28.4 (48) | 15.4 (18) | |
a To test for significant relationships and differences between the groups, either chi-square tests for independence (where required with Yates´ Continuity Correction) or independent-samples t-tests were conducted. b To ensure better reading and/or participant privacy, the categories of this variable were aggregated