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. 2019 Dec 9;17:411. doi: 10.1186/s12967-019-2109-7

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics and distribution of risk stratification of patients in the training and validation cohorts

Characteristics Training set (%) Internal testing set (%)
Number of cases High risk Low risk Number of cases High risk Low risk
Age
 < 65 years 71 (42) 32 (18.9) 39 (23.1) 22 (33.8) 11 (16.9) 11 (16.9)
 ≥ 65 years 98 (58) 49 (29) 49 (29) 43 (66.2) 21 (32.3) 22 (33.8)
Sex
 Male 128 (75.7) 63 (37.3) 65 (38.5) 47 (72.3) 19 (29.2) 28 (43.1)
 Female 41 (24.3) 18 (10.7) 23 (13.6) 18 (27.7) 13 (20) 5 (7.7)
Race
 White 148 (87.6) 70 (41.4) 78 (46.2) 59 (90.8) 29 (44.6) 30 (46.2)
 Black 16 (9.5) 8 (4.7) 8 (4.7) 4 (6.2) 3 (4.6) 1 (1.5)
 Others 5 (3) 3 (1.8) 2 (1.2) 2 (3.1) 0 (0) 2 (3.1)
Grade
 Well differentiated 14 (8.3) 10 (5.9) 4 (2.4) 1 (1.5) 0 (0) 1 (1.5)
 Poorly differentiated 96 (56.8) 39 (23.1) 57 (33.7) 39 (60) 19 (29.2) 20 (30.8)
 Unknown 59 (34.9) 32 (18.9) 27 (16) 25 (38.5) 13 (20) 12 (18.5)
Histology
 TCC 94 (55.6) 49 (29) 45 (26.6) 38 (58.5) 17 (26.2) 21 (32.3)
 PUC 42 (24.9) 15 (8.9) 27 (16) 8 (12.3) 5 (7.7) 3 (4.6)
 SCC 10 (5.9) 3 (1.8) 7 (4.1) 7 (10.8) 2 (3.1) 5 (7.7)
 Others 23 (13.6) 14 (8.3) 9 (5.3) 12 (18.5) 8 (12.3) 4 (6.2)
Tumor_Stage
 Low 13 (7.7) 7 (4.1) 6 (3.6) 4 (6.2) 2 (3.1) 2 (3.1)
 High 156 (92.3) 74 (43.8) 82 (48.5) 61 (93.8) 30 (46.2) 31 (47.7)
Lymph_nodes
 No 87 (51.5) 39 (23.1) 48 (28.4) 33 (50.8) 16 (24.6) 17 (26.2)
 Yes 36 (21.3) 14 (8.3) 22 (13) 17 (26.2) 9 (13.8) 8 (12.3)
 Unknown 46 (27.2) 28 (16.6) 18 (10.7) 15 (23.1) 7 (10.8) 8 (12.3)
Lymph_Vas_Invasion
 No 31 (18.3) 12 (7.1) 19 (11.2) 12 (18.5) 5 (7.7) 7 (10.8)
 Yes 29 (17.2) 13 (7.7) 16 (9.5) 6 (9.2) 3 (4.6) 3 (4.6)
 Unknown 109 (64.5) 56 (33.1) 53 (31.4) 47 (72.3) 24 (36.9) 23 (35.4)
Met_Bone
 No 112 (66.3) 47 (27.8) 65 (38.5) 44 (67.7) 26 (40) 18 (27.7)
 Yes 57 (33.7) 34 (20.1) 23 (13.6) 21 (32.3) 6 (9.2) 15 (23.1)
Met_Liver
 No 129 (76.3) 61 (36.1) 68 (40.2) 50 (76.9) 25 (38.5) 25 (38.5)
 Yes 40 (23.7) 20 (11.8) 20 (11.8) 15 (23.1) 7 (10.8) 8 (12.3)
Met_Lung
 No 100 (59.2) 40 (23.7) 60 (35.5) 34 (52.3) 16 (24.6) 18 (27.7)
 Yes 69 (40.8) 41 (24.3) 28 (16.6) 31 (47.7) 16 (24.6) 15 (23.1)
Surgery_Primary
 Minimal invasive 65 (38.5) 27 (16) 38 (22.5) 31 (47.7) 19 (29.2) 12 (18.5)
 No 83 (49.1) 48 (28.4) 35 (20.7) 29 (44.6) 9 (13.8) 20 (30.8)
 Non-minimal invasive 21 (12.4) 6 (3.6) 15 (8.9) 5 (7.7) 4 (6.2) 1 (1.5)
Chemotherapy
 No 97 (57.4) 77 (45.6) 20 (11.8) 36 (55.4) 28 (43.1) 8 (12.3)
 Yes 72 (42.6) 4 (2.4) 68 (40.2) 29 (44.6) 4 (6.2) 25 (38.5)
Radiation_Therapy
 No 89 (52.7) 50 (29.6) 39 (23.1) 38 (58.5) 14 (21.5) 24 (36.9)
 Yes 80 (47.3) 31 (18.3) 49 (29) 27 (41.5) 18 (27.7) 9 (13.8)
Palliative_Care
 No 122 (72.2) 62 (36.7) 60 (35.5) 47 (72.3) 21 (32.3) 26 (40)
 Yes 47 (27.8) 19 (11.2) 28 (16.6) 18 (27.7) 11 (16.9) 7 (10.8)
Brain_Confined_Met
 No 67 (39.6) 24 (14.2) 43 (25.4) 22 (33.8) 13 (20) 9 (13.8)
 Yes 102 (60.4) 57 (33.7) 45 (26.6) 43 (66.2) 19 (29.2) 24 (36.9)
CDCC_Score
 0 116 (68.6) 50 (29.6) 66 (39.1) 46 (70.8) 23 (35.4) 23 (35.4)
 1 37 (21.9) 19 (11.2) 18 (10.7) 12 (18.5) 8 (12.3) 4 (6.2)
 2 10 (5.9) 7 (4.1) 3 (1.8) 5 (7.7) 1 (1.5) 4 (6.2)
 3 6 (3.6) 5 (3) 1 (0.6) 2 (3.1) 0 (0) 2 (3.1)
Surgery_Met
 No 144 (85.2) 72 (42.6) 72 (42.6) 55 (84.6) 25 (38.5) 30 (46.2)
 Yes 25 (14.8) 9 (5.3) 16 (9.5) 10 (15.4) 7 (10.8) 3 (4.6)

TCC transitional cell carcinoma, PUC papillary urothelial carcinoma, SCC small cell carcinoma