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. 2019 Dec 9;20:593. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2957-6

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Muscle weakness as difference between patients with knee osteoarthritis compared to individuals without knee complaints. Strength directions for joints with largest weaknesses on top and the smallest on the bottom. Notes: Effect size = Standardized mean difference or Cohen’s d, KOA = knee osteoarthritis, Inv. = (most) involved leg, I = (most) involved leg, EV = eversion, ER = external rotation, FLX = flexion, EXT = extension, PF = plantar flexion, DF = dorsal flexion, INV = inversion, AD = adduction, Uninv. = (least or) uninvolved leg, U = (least or) uninvolved leg, AB = abduction